INDEX. 



977 



Steppe-witohes, ii. 850. 

 Sterculiaceae, seed-dispersal, ii. 837. 

 Stereum, texture and hymenium, ii. 688. 

 Sterigmata, of Basidiomycetes, ii. 20. 

 Sterility of plants under cultivation, ii. 402, 

 Sternbergia, protection of pollen from rain, 



u. 112. 

 Sternbergia lutea, autogamy, ii. 373. 

 Sticky bristles, and protection of flowers, ii. 



237. 



— fruits, ii. 869. 



— secretions, and protection from marauders, 



ii. 234. 

 Stigeoclonium, thallus, ii, 652. 

 Stigma, adaptation to wind-pollination, ii. 



151. 



— and wind-fertilization, ii. 134. 



— as pollen-protector, ii. 111. 



— attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 413. 



— changes after pollination, ii. 285. 



— morphology, i. 645. 



— pollen selection, ii, 404. 



— sticky, ii. 282. 

 Stigmaria, nature of, ii. 716. 

 Stigmas and stamens of Iris, ii. 729. 

 Stigmatic chambers, of Asclepiads, ii. 259. 

 Stat-roots, i. 758, 759. 



structure, i. 761. 



Stimuli, acting on roots, i. 776. 

 Stimulus, propagation of, i. 151. 



— transmission in sensitive plants, &c., i. 536. 

 Stinging Nettle. See Urtica dioica. 

 Stipa, fruit anchoring, i. 616. 



Stipa capillata, folding of leaf, i. 344. 



leaf, section, i. 342. 



Stipa pennata, PI. VI. 



awn functions, i. 617. 



dispersal, i. 617. 



fruits boring into ground, i. 619. 



isolated colonies, i. 528. 



Stipular nectaries, ii. 232. 



— spines, i. 448. 



Stipules, chief function, i. 637. 



— chlorophyll protecting, i. 392. 



— deciduous, i. 351. 



— of Legumiuosae, i. 448, 



— of Marattiacese, ii, 709. 



— protective, i. 351. 

 Stipule-tendril, i. 692. 

 Stock. See MatthioXa. 



Stock, relation of graft to, ii. 571. 



— wild, in grafting, i. 214. 

 Stolon, nature of, i. 663. 

 Stoma, description of, i. 63. 



Stomata, and diurnal positions of leaves, i. 

 535. 



— and honey secretion, ii. 172. 



— and transmission of carbonic acid, i. 370. 



— and water-pores, i. 366. 



— arrangement in switch-plants, i. 332. 



— exudation of saline solution from, i. 236. 



— functions, opening and closing of, guard- 



cells, i. 308. 



— in pit-like depressions, i. 298. 



— in the furrows of green stems, i. 299. 



— of Knightia excelsa, ii. 751. 



— of Moss capsule, ii. 702. 



— over-arched, of Austrahan Proteacese, i. 



297. 



— protection from moisture by cuticular pegs, 



i. 294, 296. 



— protection from moisture by papilla-like 



outgrowths, i. 295. 



— protection from moisture by rolling of 



leaves, i. 302. 



— protection from wetting, i. 292. 



— regulators of transpiration, i. 309. 



— shape when open, size, i. 281. 



— surface view and section, i. 294. 



— within hollow tubercles, i. 300. 

 Stomate, of Marchantia, ii. 697. 

 Stomates, in Anthocerotacese, ii. 698. 

 Stonecrop. See Sedum. 

 Stone-fruit, ii. 428. 



Stone Pine, See Pinm Pwea. 

 Storage of pollen, ii. 94. 

 Storm, effect on vegetation, i. 474. 

 Vol. II. 



Stratification. See Cell-wall. 



Stratiotes, protective isolation by water, ii. 

 234. 



Stratiotes aloides, mode of life, i. 76. 



roots, i. 752. 



spiny leaves, i. 438. 



winter sinking, i. 552. 



Strawberry, Wild. See Fragaria ^ esca. 



Strawberry-tree. See Ariutus Unedo. 



Strelitzia, S. African, ii. 734. 



Streptocarpus polyanthus, cotyledons, un- 

 equal development, i. 622. 



Striation, cause of, i. 569. 



Stroma-starch of Hydrodictyon, ii. 640. 



Struggle for existence, ii. 600. 



Struthiopteris germanica, height, i. 714. 



Struvea delicatula, habitat, ii. 646. 



Style, attraction for pollen-tubes, ii. 414, 



— morphology, i. 644. 



— movements of, ii. 277. 

 StylidiacesB, ii. 767. 



Styphnolobium japonicum, green cotyledons, 

 ii. 421. 



Sub-alpine plants, autogamy in, ii. 400. 



Suberin, chief component of cuticle, com- 

 position, i. 309. 



— formation, i. 458. 

 Substance, intercellular, i. 26. 

 Substitution-buds, characteristics, ii. 34. 

 Substitution and plant succession, ii. 498. 

 Substratum, classification of plants accord- 

 ing to, ii. 496. 



— effects of Bacteria on, ii. 623. 



— influence on graft, ii. 571. 

 Subterranean fruits, ii. 878. 



— roots, mechanical adaptation, i. 762. 

 Subulariaaquatica.sub-aqueousfertilization, 



ii. 391. 

 Succulent fruits, dispersal, ii. 864. 



— plants, i. 327. 



Succulents, compared to camels, i. 328. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— not eaten by animals, i. 432. 



— water-retaining substances in juices, i. 329. 

 Suckers, of Bartsia alpina, i. 180. 



— of Lathrsea, i. 182. 



— of Pedicularis, i. 179. 



— of Rhinanthacese, i. 178. 

 Sugar, formed by protoplasts, i, 61. 



— from formic aldehyde, i. 456. 



— manufactiuing of, i. 377.> 



— storing, i. 358, 



— viscous fermentation, i. 506. 

 Sugars, conducting tisues for, i. 479. 



— importance, i. 463. 



Sugar solution and germination of pollen- 

 grains, ii. 407. 

 Sulphur, sources of, i. 458. 



— necessary for proteid formation, i, 67. 

 Sulphur Bacteria, ii. 624. 



Sulphuric acid, reduction, i. 458. 



Sulphurous rain, ii. 151. 



Sumachs. See Rhus Cotinus and R. Ty- 



phinum. 

 Summer sleep, of plants, i. 356. 

 Sun-birds, pollen transference by, ii. 247. 

 Sun-dew. See Drosera. 

 Sunlight, and respiration, i. 496, 

 Sunshine, and flowering, ii. 474. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 Suspensor, of embryo, ii. 421. 

 in Gymnosperms, ii. 438. 



— of Selaginella, ii. 715. 

 Swamraerdam, Dutch philosopher, i. 21. 

 Swarm-spores, behaviour towards light, i. 382. 

 in ChytridiacesB, ii. 669, 



in Saprolegniacete, ii. 669. 



of PeronosporeEe, ii. 57. 



Sweeping-hairs of style, ii. 318. 



Sweet Flag. See Acorus Calamus. 



Sweet-sop. See Anona squamosa. 



Sweet Vernal Grass. See Anthoxanthum. 



Swertia, nectaries, ii. 178. 



Swertia perennis, autogamy, ii. 341. 



honey protection, ii, 241. 



Swietenia Mahagoni, flower, ii. 285. 

 Swimming plants, characteristics, i. 669. 



Switch-plante, chlorencbyma, i. 331. 



green tissue, relative position, i. 471. 



strengthening tissues, i. 426. 



Switch-shrub, stem in section, i. 332. 

 Sycamore. See Acer Pseudo-platanus. 

 Symbiosis, and evolution, ii. 610. 



— and nutrition, i. 466. 



— case allied to that of Lichens, i. 268. 



— essential conditions, of Lichens, i. 244. 



— general considerations, i. 243. 



— of Bacteria with root-fibres, ii. 521. 



— of fungal hyphae with roots of Phanero- 



gams, in relation to cultivation, i. 250. 



— of Liverworts and Rotifers, i. 255. 



— of plant and animal, i. 254. 



— of plants with Ants, ii. 233. 



— of Yucca with Moths, ii. 159. 

 Symphyogyna, vascular system, ii. 699. 

 Symphytum, bristles, i. 441. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



— unfolding of inflorescence, i. 744, 

 Symphytum officinale, pollen - sprinkling^ 



apparatus, ii. 275. 

 Symphytum Tauricum, floral change of 



colour, ii. 191. 

 Synchitrium Anemones, &c., gall formation^ 



ii. 520. 

 Synconium, of Ficus, ii. 157. 

 Synedra TJhna, ii. 626. 

 Synergidffi, of egg-apparatus, ii. 81, 416. 

 Synthesis, of Lichen, ii. 692. 



— in plants, hypotheses regarding, i. 378. 

 Syringa, autogamy, ii, 334, 



Syringa vulgaris, hermaphrodite, ii, 296. 



pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



scent, ii. 201. 



" "Witches' Broom " galls, ii. 548, 



Syrrhopodon scaber, thaUidia, ii. 23. 

 System, Linnean, i. 6 ; ii. 288. 



— natural, of classification, ii. 602. 

 Syzygites, parthenogenesis, ii. 464. 



T. 



Table Mountain, vegetation of, i, 306, 

 Table of Bentham and Hooker's main divi- 

 sions, ii. 604. 



— of Brauu's classification, ii, 605. 



— of De CandoUe's classification, ii. 603, 



— of Endlicher's classification, ii. 604. 



— of Jussieu's classification, ii. 602, 



— of Linnseus's classification, ii. 288. 



— of Sachs's classification of Thallophytes, ii. 



606. 



Tables of relative growth at different eleva- 

 tions, ii. 509. 



Talinum fruticosum, i. 327. 



Talipot, size of leaf, i. 287. 



Talipot Palm. See Corypha umbraculifera. 



Tamarindus, flower, ii, 292. 



Tamariscinege, i. 198. 



Tamarisks. See Tamarisdnece. 



Tamarix, not true "manna", ii. 812. 



— reserve-buds, ii. 35. 



— salt on leaves and stems, i. 236, 

 TamuB, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



Tannin, absorption by Mildews, i. 167. 



— decomposition by Aspergillus niger, i, 507. 



— taste, i. 462. 



Tapetal cells, of anther, ii. 94. 



Taphrina camea, blisters on birch-leaves, ii, 



676. 

 Tap-root, i. 760. 

 Taraxacum, aestivation, ii. 210, 



— geitonogamy, ii, 319. 



— laticiferous tubes, i. 470. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 114. 

 Taraxacum officinale, duration of blossom- 

 ing, ii. 218. 



elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



latitude and closing, ii. 218. 



-. — latitude and opening, ii. 217. 



leaves and rain conduction, i. 95. 



plumed fruits, ii. 857. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



112 



