980 



INDEX. 



Tubercles, of Orchids, with internal stomata, 



double function, i. 300. 

 Tubercular galls, ii. 535. 

 Tuberculosis, bacterial origin, ii. 624. 

 Tubers, propagation of hybrids by, ii. 556. 



— replacing flowers and fruit, ii. 460. 



— resting, of desert perennials, i. 556. 

 Tubular floret of Compoaitaa, ii. 115. 



Tufa, calcareous, formed by the action of 



Mosses, i. 260. 

 Tulip Tree. See Liriodendron tulipifera. 

 Tuhpa, artiflcially induced drooping, ii. 123. 



— dispersed by roots, ii. 832. 



— double flowers, ii. 80. 



— forcing, i. 564. 



— hybridization and flower colours, ii. 568. 



— insect platform, ii. 229. 



— leaves and rain conduction, i. 94. 



— opening and closing, ii. 220. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



Tulipa Didieri, cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 

 Tulipa Gesneriana, depth in soil and growth, 



ii. 407. 

 Tulipa sylvestris, autogamy, ii. 379. 



flower, part of, ii. 240. 



protection of pollen, ii. 120. 



scent, ii. 203. 



Tulostoma mammosum, ii. 690. 

 Tunbridge ware and Peziza aeruginosa, ii. 682. 

 Tundra, the, Lichens of, i. 218. 

 Turgenia, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Turgenia latifoUa, autogamy, ii. 342. 



flowers, sexual conditions, ii. 296. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



Turgescence, i. 277. 



Turgidity, and "burning", i. 554. 



— and growth, i. 511. 



— and leaf -movements, i. 532. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 



— and organic acids, i. 464. 



— and shortening of root, i. 770. 



— nature of, i. 59. 



— of staminal filaments, ii. 140. 

 Turion, application of term, i. 624. 



— scale leaves of, function, i. 625. 

 Turkey Oak. See Quer<ni8 CcTr-is. 

 Turnip. See Brassica Rapa ropacea. 

 Turpentine Gall-apple, ii. 534. 

 Turritis glabra, anthocyanin, i. 520, 

 Tussilago, distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 321. 



— imperfect flowers, ii. 295. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 120. 

 Tussilago Farfara, dichogamy, ii. 312. 



flowering and flowerless shoots, i. 652. 



two-coloured leaves, habitat, i. 293. 



Twayblade. See Idstera. 



Twining, accessory aids, i. 687. 



— and torsion, i. 683. 



— conditions regulating, i. 682. 



— independence of external conditions, i, 



685. 



— plants, leaf arrangement, i. 420. 



— stem, mechanical tissue, i. 732. 



— stems, annual and perennial, i. 688. 

 Tylanthus ericoides, rolledleaf , section.i. 301. 

 Typha, absorbent cotyledon, i 765. 



— cotyledon in germination, i. 606. 



— details of germination, i. 608. 



— erect leaves, i. 428. 



— monoecious, ii. 297. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Typha angustifolia, leaf -twist, i. 429. 

 Typha latifolia, cohering pollen-graius, ii. 97. 

 Typha Shuttleworthii, germination, i. 607. 



cohering pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



plumed fruits, ii. 857- 



Typhaceie, ii. 745. 

 Typhus, relapsing, germ of, i, 163. 

 Tyrol, Castle of Ambras, Lichens on column 

 near, i. 247. 



— mountain pines, i. 549. 



— temperature observations, i. 547. 

 Tyrosin, i. 263. 



— an amide, i. 458. 



— nature of, ii, 199. 



u. 



TTdotea, thallus, ii. M5. 

 Ulex, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protection of stomata from moisture, x. 298. 

 Ulex Gallii, &c., fruit-protection, ii. 445. 

 spines, i. 434. 



UlmaceEe, ii. 758. 

 Ulmus, bud-scales, i. 626. 



— flowering, ii. 150. 



— leaf-mosaic, i. 422. 



— phyUotaxis, i. 399. 



— pollen discharge, ii. 145. 



— protogynous, ii. 313. 



— roots, i. 752, 



TTlmus campestris and gall of Schizoneura 

 XTlmi, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura alba, ii. 533. 



and gall of Tetraneura TJlmi, ii. 532, 533. 



diameter, i. 722. 



flowers and fruits, ii. 143. 



pocket-galls on, ii. 532. 



protogynous, ii. 311. 



Ulothrii, cilia of swarming protoplast, 1. 29. 



— life-history, ii. 648. 



— vacuole of swarm-spore, i, 31. 

 Ulothrix zonata, ii. 648. 



fruit-formation, ii. 50. 



tJlva, chlorophyll bodies, i. 373. 



— habit, i. 587. 

 TTlvaceEe, range, i, 390, 

 trivK, on Crabs, i. 77. 



Ulva lactuca, best situation, i. 105. 

 TJlva latissima, ii. 648. 

 Umbel, i. 739. 

 TJmbelliferse, ii. 788. 



— Eestivation in, ii. 210. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin and elevation, i. 522, 



— autogamy, ii, 342. 



— behaviour of cotyledons, i. 600. 



— buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



— coloured bracts in, ii. 183. 



— fleshy leaves, i. 327. 



— flowers, sexual conditions in, ii. 296. 



— geitonogamy in, ii. 323. 



— honey, ii. 179. 



— hybrids few, ii. 584. 



— insect guests, ii. 230, 243. 



— integument of ovule, ii. 81. 



— liberation of cotyledons, i. 612. 



— massing of flowers, ii. 186. 



— oriental, flowering, i. 745. 



— periodically pendulous umbels, i. 530. 



— pollen deposition in, ii. 278. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 102. 



— power of crossing, ii. 616. 



— protection from grazing animals, i. 451. 

 of pollen, iL 120. 



— protogyny in, ii. 311. 



— scent of flowers, stem, &c., ii. 199. 



— Bchizocarp and mericarps, ii. 430. 



— seed protection from dryness, ii. 450. 



— sticky stigmas in, ii. 282. 



— venation, i. 632. 



TJmbilicaria, FoKose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 TTmbrella Pine. See Sciadopithys verti- 



cillata. 



Unbidden guests of plants, nature of, ii. 230. 



Undershrubs, characteristics of inflores- 

 cences, i. 745. 



— mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 

 Underwood, promotion of growth, ii. 36. 

 Unfolding of Beech-leaves, i. 353. 



— of leaves, i. 349. 



Unger, Franz, botanical observations at 

 KitzbUhel, ii. 495. 



— history of plants, ii. 3. 



— work on development and its title, i. 13. 

 TJnguiculate petal, ii. 250. 



Unicellular organisms, green, behaviour 



towards light, i. 382. 

 Unisexual flowers, ii. 291. 

 Unona, scent, ii. 202. 

 Upas-tree. See Antiaris toxiccvria. 



Upsala, floral clock, ii. 215. 

 Urania, caudex, i. 714, 

 Urea, absorption of, i. 104. 

 Uredineae, dispersal of spores, ii, 812, 



— habit and characteristics, ii. 685, 

 Urocystis, spores, ii. 675. 

 Urocystls VIoIeb, ii. 676. 



Uromyces AlchemillEe, effect on Alchemilla 



vulgaris, ii. 524, 

 Uromyces Phyteumatum, effect on Phyteuma 



orbiculare, ii, 524. 

 Uromyces Pisi, and Euphorbia Cyparissias, 



ii, 525. 

 Uromyces Primulseintegrifolise, and Primula 



Clusiana, &c., ii. 525. 

 Urophora cardui, bud-galls on Cirsium 



arvense, ii, 543. 

 Urpflanze, Goethe's, i. 12, 

 Urtica, amount of pollen, ii. 151. 



— bast-cells, i, 725. 



— cotyledon stinging hairs, i. 623. 



— ejection of pollen, ii. 94, 136. 



— force of root-pressure in, i. 273. 



— pollen-grain, ii, 102, 



— pollination, ii. 133, 



— species causing tetanus, i. 442. 

 Urticacese, ii. 719. 



— andrcecium, ii. 750. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 297. 



Urtica dioica, and gall of Cecidomyia urticse, 

 ii, 534. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



stinging hair, i. 493. 



Urtica urens, monoecious, ii. 297. 



persistent cotyledons, i. 622. 



protogynous, ii. 313. 



stinging, i. 441. 



Usnea barbata. PI. XV. 



■ Fruticose Lichen, ii. 694. 



UstilaginesB, dispersal of spores, Ii. 812. 

 Ustilago carbo. See U. segetum. 

 Ustilago longissima, hosts, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago Maydis, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago segetum, life-history, ii. 675. 

 Ustilago violacea, on CaryophyUacese, ii. 675. 

 Utricle, of Genlisea, i, 124. 



— primordial, i. 25. 

 Utricularia, autogamy, ii. 356. 



— dispersal of offshoots, ii. 807. 



— embryo, i. 596, 



— floating habit, i. 668. 



— leaves and bladders, i. 120. 



— pollen deposition, ii. 280. 



— pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— protective isolation by water, ii, 234. 

 Utricularia Grafiana, i. 120. 

 Utricularia minor, i. 120. 



Utricularia neglecta, traps, absorption cells, 

 i. 121. 



Utricularia nelumbifolia, commensal with 

 Tillandsia, runners of, i. 123. 



Utriculariae, carnivorous plants, with trap- 

 bladders, i. 120. 



— some non-aquatic, i. 123. 

 Uvularia, autogamy, ii. 332. 



— grandiflora, nectaries, ii. 177. 



V. 



Vacciniacese, ii. 770. 

 Vaccinium, hybrids, ii. 685. 



— pollen tetrads, ii. 97. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 107, 118. 



— sticky stigmas, ii. 282. 



Vaccirdum Myrtillus, allurement of insects, 

 ii. 206, 



dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



grooving of stem, i. 96. 



mycorhiza, i. 251. 



nectaries, ii. 175. 



— — protogynous, ii. 310. 



Vaccinium Oxycoccus, dehiscence of pollen- 

 sacs, ii. 92. 



duration of flowering, ii. 214. 



force of runners, i. 516. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



