140 THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 



majority of birds do not go far from their chosen retreats. Some, 

 hke the robin and crow and song sparrow, adaptable species, are 

 found in a great many different places. The majority of species 

 are restricted to one of the following six environments : a fields, 

 b shrubbery, in gardens and woodland borders, c woodlands, 

 d orchards and shade trees, e buildings, f marshes. Group e, of 

 course, consists of adaptable species that have left their former 

 haunts to associate with man. They will likewise be found in 

 some of the other habitats. 



a Birds of the fields 



These birds are typical of the open fields away from bushes 

 or trees of any kind. They are usually flushed from the ground 

 or seen perched on fence posts or other points of vantage about 

 the fields. They always nest on the ground and many of them 

 sing on the wing. 



(1) Nesting in open fields 



Meadowlark Nu Mfl 



Vesper sparrow Nu SpV3 



Savanna sparrow Nu SpP3 



Henslow sparrow Nu SpJ3 



Bobolink Nu Bo2 



Pheasant Nu PjR3 



Killdeer, usually near water Nu Ke7 



Spotted sandpiper, usually near water Nu ST2 



Snow bunting, found only in winter Nu BuS6 



(2) Nesting in cuts and embankments 



Bank swallow, nesting site Nu SuB3 



Bank swallow Nu SuB6 



Kingfisher . Nu KiB6 



b Birds of the shrubbery ; woodland borders and gardens 



These birds are found wherever there is a growth of bushes 

 for nesting. They are occasionally found in the open fields or in 

 vvoodlands but never far from bushes. 



Catbird Nu Cd4 



Brown thrasher Nu ThB2 



Song sparrow Nu SpR2 



Field sparrow Nu SpFl 



Black-billed cuckoo Nu CvB3 



Yellow-breasted chat Nu ChY4 



Indigo bird Nu BuI2 



Chestnut-sided warbler Nu WEI 



