BIRDS OF NEW YORK STATE 



145 



(4) Speed, broad at base, pointed tip 



Bank swallow Nu SuB6 



Sparrow hawk Nu HT8 



(5) Weak fliers, short, rounded, soft 



Virginia rail Nu RV9 



(6) Lack of use, wings degenerate 



Auk Nil AuG 



b Brooding — a secondary use, producing no special adaptation 



Veery Nu Ve6 



c Defense 



(1) In those species in which the wings are used actively 



as defense organs spines or knobs are developed upon 

 them. The Canada goose has knobs at the bend of 

 wing and severe blows can be dealt with them 



(2) In some birds the wings are used secondarily to shield 



themselves and to frighten the enemy 



Great horned owl threatening Nu OwGl 



4 The tail 



a Rudder 



Tree swallow Nu SuT6 



b Brake 



Baldpate Nu Bel 



Osprey Nu Os8 



c Prop 



Downy woodpecker Nu WpD 



Brown creeper Nu CsB 



5 The feet 



a Perching, three toes forward, one backward 



Crow Nu Cu6 



b Wading 



Young blue heron Nu HeF44 



Young blue heron Nu HeF8 



c Swimming 



Pintail Nu Pn 



Grebe, young swimming Nu GsP6 



