OOUNTER-IEEITANTS 701 



may be combined with fifteen volilmes of oil of turpentine; 

 or ammonia water, thirty parts, and oil of turpentine, fifteen 

 parts, are added to spirit of camphor and soap liniment, each 

 fifty parts. 



Turpentine is more valuable in abdominal disorders in 

 horses. It is sprinkled on hot blankets, and applied as a 

 stupe to stop pain, spasm, and stimulate normal peristalsis 

 in colic ; and to relieve pain and congestion in enteritis, 

 peritonitis, diarrhcBa and other difficulties. The beneficial 

 result accruing from the use of external counter-irritants 

 in bowel troubles is often facilitated by the injection of hot 

 (115° F.) rectal enemata. 



Stimulating liniments are serviceable in aiding resolu- 

 tion of swelling following the acute stage of cellulitis, lym- 

 phangitis, neuritis, mammitis, rheumatism, strains and 

 bruises. They are often employed in laryngitis. In chronic 

 skin diseases, as "eczema, mild counter-irritants (tar, oil of 

 cade, Peruvian balsam, etc.) substitute an active reparative 

 process, tend to aid absorption of exudation and induration, 

 and relieve pain and itching. The tincture of iodine may 

 abort incipient inflammatory lesions, as boils and abscess, 

 by means of its counter-irritant and antiseptic properties. 



VESICANTS AND THE ACTUAL CAUTERY 



Cantharides, red iodide of mercury, and croton oil, are 

 more commonly used in veterinary medicine to cause blis- 

 tering. Eeference will be had, hereafter, to cantharidal 

 blisters. Blisters and the cautery are especially indicated 

 to cause resolution of inflammatory products and modifica- 

 tion of inflammatory processes ; to secure fixation and rest 

 of parts, and to relieve pain. It is impossible to enumerate 

 all the conditions in which they are usefill. In the treat- 

 ment of severe sprains, as curb and " breakdown ;" and in 

 exostoses, as ringbone and spavin, the actual cautery (firing) 

 is used before and in conjunction with blistering to exagger- 

 ate the counter-irritant effect. Absorption is attained in the 

 foregoing conditions by the production of an acute inflam- 



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