736 



GENEEAL THERAPEUTIC MEASURES 



Enteroclysis. 



Enteroclysis applies to slow, rectal injecstion of normal 

 salt solution (105° to 120° P.) to secure absorption. This 

 method may be applied in cases not so urgent as to demand 

 intravenous saline infusion or hypodermoclysis, more espe- 

 cially moderate degrees of haemorrhage, shock, collapse and 

 circulatory depression, when the intrinsic heat of the injec- 

 tion is valuable iu restoring the normal bodily temperature. 



USES. 

 INDICATIONS FOB SALINE INFUSIONS. 



Toxsemia 



Bacterial. 

 Mineral. 

 Vegetable. 

 In threatened deatli from any 



accidental cause, 

 la any disease with feeble heart 

 and low vascular tension. 



Grave hsemorrhage. 



Shook, traumatic, operative, and 



electric. 

 Suppression of urine. 

 Severe diarrhoea. 

 Eclampsia. 



Purpura hemorrhagica. 

 Hemoglobinemia. 



Hypodermoclysis, or the intravenous injection of saline 

 infusions, find their greatest usefulness as life-saving meas- 

 ures in severe haemorrhage. While these methods are not 

 in vogue in veterinary practice, they have become recognized 

 procedures of great practical value in human medicine. The 

 indications, following haemorrhage, are to fill up the vessels 

 and to restore vascular tension, since danger is imminent, 

 not from loss of blood corpuscles, but from lack of a circu- 

 lating medium. There is a sufficient number of red cor- 

 puscles to carry on the respiratory and oxygen-bearing 

 functions even after the greatest loss of blood possible from 

 ordinary causes. In fact, respiration is but slightly im- 

 paired in human subjects, suffering from pernicious anaemia, 

 when there is a 90 per cent, reduction in the normal number 

 of red corpuscles, and two-thirds of the blood may be with- 

 drawn from animals and replaced with normal salt solutions 

 without serious damage resulting. In shock there is general 



* Since writing the aljove, favorable reports of the use of saline infusions 

 have "been accumulating. Thus G. W. Dunphy (Amer. Vet. Review, June, 1905) 

 writes that he treated two cases of purpura hemorrhagica in the horse by injection 

 of 6 liters of normal salt solution (see p. V33) following the removal of 5 liters of 

 hlood from the jugular (by means of a trocar and canula), and, at the end of 

 twenty-f our hours, bled 3 more liters and injected 3 more liters of salt solution 

 with very happy results. He also demonstrates the wonderful life-saving influence 

 of Intravenous saline infusion after the loss (by a horse) of 25 liters of blood. 



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