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GENEEAL VACCINE THERAPY 753 



6 months old. In localities where the disease develops in 

 younger animals the vaccine must be given at an earlier age 

 and — in these cases — repeated the following year. 



Immunity begins in 10 to 12 days following vaccination. 



Anthrax. — Anthrax is the most fatal disease attacking 

 horses, sheep, goats, mules and cattle. It occurs in the 

 United States, more often in Mississippi and Louisiana. 

 Vaccination was done by Pasteur in 1880 and was the first 

 attempt made in establishing artificial immunity in practice. 

 Great crowds gathered to see the result of his treatment. 

 He subjected 24 sheep, 1 goat and 5 cattle to vaccination, 

 and then 60 animals (including the vaccinated and unvac- 

 cinated) w^re inoculated with anthrax. Forty-eight hours 

 later the sight presented to the public beggars description. 

 In the paddock were seen dead and dying all the unvac- 

 cinated animals, while the vaccinated ones appeared in per- 

 fect health. Al small number of animals — especially sheep 

 and goats — die from the treatment. In countries where 

 anthrax is endemic, vaccination has reduced the mortality 

 from 10 to -J of 1 per cent. Statistics also show that less 

 than 1 per cent, of vaccinated animals die of the disease. 

 When unvaccinated herds are attacked usually 80 per cent, 

 die. The vaccination should be practiced usually in summer 

 or fall, as these are the favorite seasons for development in 

 infected regions. The protection lasts from six to twelve 

 months. Two vaccines are used. JSTumber one, the weaker, 

 is made by growing baccilli in a current of air at 109° F. 

 for twenty-four days; number two is prepared in the same 

 manner during twelve days. The weak number one is in- 

 jected and followed in ten days by numher two. Sick animals 

 may infect a pasture for ten years, but vaccination will 

 practically permit of pasturing on the infected land. The 

 method of inoculation requires minute directions, which 

 may be obtained from manufacturers. 



General Vaccine Therapy. 



By Greneral Vaccine Therapy we refer to the use of so- 

 called vaccines, or bacterins, for infections generally. These 

 vaccines are suspensions of killed bacteria in sterile salt so- 



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