,T56 GENEEAL THEEAPEUTIC MEASUEES 



quirements are, however, essential for their use. The var- 

 iety of germ causing the infection it is desired to treat 

 must be known. The dosage must be determined. It 

 might be based on that in use in human medicine with 

 regard to the weight of the human and animal to be treated. 

 A stock vaccine may be employed if facilities for the mak- 

 ing of an autogenous vaccine are not at hand. 



For practical details as to the use of stock vaccines the 

 reader is referred to literature supplied by their makers 

 (H. K. Mulford Co., Phila.) ' 



The subcutaneous injection of minute and gradually 

 increasing doses of tuberculin (1/2000 to 10 mgm.) as treat- 

 ment for tuberculosis in human medicine — now much in 

 vogue — is an example of vaccine treatment to stimulate anti- 

 bodies in the serum of the patient. Sometimes only the 

 toxin of the tubercle bacillus is used (Koch's old tuberculin) 

 and sometimes a suspension of killed tubercle bacilli. 



Strangles is caused by a specific streptococcus. The use 

 of vaccines of killed streptococci will induce immunity to the 

 disease. The disease may also be prevented, and even cured 

 in its early stage, by immunizing serum obtained from 

 horses receiving increasing doses of the specific cocci. The 

 latter are sometimes protected against the immediate effects 

 of the streptococci by immunizing serum. 



This method of combining the use of a protective serum 

 and injections of active bacteria is now being employed 

 against rabies, anthrax and rinderpest. The immunizing 

 serum in rinderpest is obtained from animals recovering 

 from the disease and the protective value of their serum is 

 much augmented if these animals are injected with blood 

 from animals affected with a fatal form of rinderpest. 



In rabies the combined method of injecting active organ- 

 isms and protective serum bids fair to supersede the Pasteur 

 method of prolonged vaccination, as but one injection may 

 suffice and the treatment may be given at a much later stage 

 of incubation to protect from the disease. The immunizing 

 serum for this method is obtained from sheep receiving in- 

 trajugularly and subcutaneously increasing doses of an emul- 

 Fion of the brain of a dead, rabid rabbit. When an animal 

 is bitten by a rabid patient the bitten animal is given sub- 



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