DISEASES OF THE DOMESTIC ANIMALS 829 



struction. Obstruction from swelling of urethra, or urethral stone, 

 may require perineal section. 



Urinary Retention and Incontinence. 



If retention is due to spasm of the sphincter, as in colic, then 

 the application of hot fomentations to the loins, morphine and 

 atropine under the skin, or warm baths in small animals, will re- 

 lieve. Pressure on the bladder tlirough the rectum, or the use of 

 the catheter, are most rapidly effective in horses. If retention of 

 urine is due to stone in the ischial region or S curve of the urethra 

 in oxen, then massage it out; do urethrotomy; or slaughter before 

 the bladder ruptures and absorption of urine spoils the meat. In 

 sheep with urethral stone, massage the urethra and excise the spiral 

 filament at the end of the penis; or slaughter. In retention from 

 phimosis, paraphimosis, and stone in the bladder, circumcision, 

 incision of the sheath, and cystotomy are respectively indicated. 

 Stone in the bladder in sheep and cattle may be prevented by giving 

 sodium bicarbonate with the food and allowing water at the ani- 

 mal's constant disposal; and this generally is necessary in fatten- 

 ing. Retention of urine from paralysis of the detrusor muscles, in 

 nervous disease, may be overcome by the use of strychnine and 

 remedies combating the primary disorder. 



Urinary Incontinence may be caused by paralysis of the sphincter 

 muscle of the bladder from prolonged retention of urine; or from 

 obstruction by stones and new growths in the bladder. In paretic 

 conditions, the administration of strychnine, alternate injections 

 into the bladder of cold and hot water, and treatment indicated 

 for general debility are in order. 



Urticaria, Nfttlerash, Surfeit, Hives. 



In Horses, Cattle, Pigs and Dogs. 



Due to external irritation by nettles; bites of insects, fleas and 

 lice; chemicals, and sudden cooling of the skin. Also to irritants 

 within the body — as products of indigestion and toxines from in- 

 fections, pregnancy, rheumatism, and hemoglobinemia ; and to speci- 

 fic foods and medicines. 



Treatment— Give a purge— H., aloes; C, Epsom salts and calo- 

 mel; swine, calomel; dogs, the same, or two to three compound 

 cathartic pills. Externally, bathe with saleratus and water (^i-Oii), 

 or vinegar, pure or diluted. Sanitas (1 to 2) and terebene (1 to 8) 

 in water, are also beneficial. 



Uterine Inertia and Subinvolution. 



Give fluidextract of ergot in full 5ose thrice daily for two or three 

 weeks, 629, and it may well be combined with an equal dose of 



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