THE HORSE. 



299 



bones make a great angle with those of the forearm and leg 

 respectively. Each limb thus forms a sort of double C spring, 

 upon the top of which the weight of the body is supported — 

 in the hind-limbs by means of the solid connection of the ilia 

 with the sacrum ; in the fore-limbs, by the great muscular 

 slings formed by the serratus magnus and the levator anguli 

 scapulae. 



The scapula is long and narrow ; 

 the low spine has no acromion ; the 

 coracoid process is small, and there is 

 iio clavicle. 



The head of the humerus looks 

 backward, and the distal articular sur- 

 face of the bone is completely gingly- 

 moid. The two bones of the antibra- 

 chium are anchylosed ; the shaft of the 

 ulna becomes exceedingly slender, and 

 its small distal end is distinguishable 

 only with difficulty. The articular sur- 

 face for the carpal bones is, therefore, ' 

 almost wholly furnished by the radius. 

 There are seven carpal bones, the tra- 

 pezium being obsolete. A line pro- 

 longing the axis of the third metacar- 

 pal and that of the os magnum does 

 not pass through that of the lunar e, 

 but corresponds more nearly with the 

 junction between scaphoides and 

 lunare. 



The pollex and the fifth digit are Fig. 98.— Front view of the right 



suppressed, or represented only by mi- S' °\'l^Z\':"6t 

 nute nodules of bone, and the only phsides. 4. pisiforme. 5. un- 

 complete digit is the third ; the sec- 

 ond and the fourth being represented 

 only by the splint-like metacarpal bones. The third meta- 

 carpal, which is somewhat flattened from before backward, is 

 nearly symmetrical in itself. Careful observation, however, 

 shows the inner moiety to be rather the broader. 



There are two large sesamoid bones (the greater sesamoids) 

 developed in the ligaments which connect the metacarpal with 

 the basal phalanx ; and one transversely-elongated sesamoid 

 gives attachment to the tendon of the perforating flexor, and 

 lies upon the ventral aspect of the joint between the middle 

 and the distal phalanx. 



ciforme. C. Magnum. 7. Ti-a- 



