THE ANTHROPID^. 415 



The post-glenoidal process of the squamosal is small, while 

 khe auditory foramen is vertically elongated, its anterior wall 

 being more or less flattened. 



The interorbital space occupies about one-fourth of the 

 interval between the outer walls of the orbits. 



The planes of the orbital surfaces of the ethmoid bonea 

 {ossa plana) are nearly parallel with one another. 



The symphysis of the lower jaw has a mental prominence. 

 The length of the cerebral cavity is more than twice that of 

 the basi-cranial axis. 



After birth, no trace of the premaxillo-maxillary suture 

 remains upon the face, though it may persist in the palate. 



The nasal suture usually persists, and the direction of the 

 fronto-nasal suture is nearly transverse. 



The cranio-faoial angle * does not exceed 120°, and in the 

 higher races of mankind does not go much beyond 90°. 



The supra-orbital plates of the frontal bones project but 

 little into the frontal region of the brain-case, and they are 

 almost horizontal, instead of being strongly inclined upward 

 and outward, as they are in the Anthropoinorpha. The cri- 

 briform plate is long and wide, and the crista galli is usually 

 prominent. The capacity of the brain-case of a healthy adult is 

 invariably more than forty cubic inches, and may rise to more 

 than a hundred cubic inches. 



The scapula is broad in proportion to its length, and its 

 spine cuts its vertebral edge nearly at right angles. The ilia 

 are very broad ; their inner faces present a well-marked con- 

 cavity, and their crests an S-shaped curvature. A line drawn 

 from the centre of the articular surface of the sacrum to the 

 centre of the acetabulum makes nearly a right angle with the 

 chord of the arc offered by the anterior face of the sacrum. 

 In all the Anthropoinorpha this angle is much more open. 



The tuberosities of the ischia are hardly everted. The 

 symphysis pubis is comparatively short, and the sub-pubic arch 

 well marked. The width of the whole pelvis, from one iliao 

 crest to the other, is greater than its height, which is the re- 

 verse of what obtains in the Apes. The transverse diameter 

 of the brim is usually not exceeded by the antero-posterior 

 diameter, though the contrary proportion occasionally obtains. 

 The female pelvis is more spacious, and has a wider sub-pubic 

 arch than the male. 



The proximal articular surface of the astragalus looka 

 almost directly upward, and hardly at all inward, when the 



* See p. 420 for the explanation of this term. 



