A LIST OF TECHNICAL TERMS 



_ Appleheaded. — A rounded or prominent skull, when it is a defect, such as in toy terriers 

 ■or in bulldogs, where a flat skull is proper. Toy spaniels are appleheaded to an excess, 

 but in their case it is called domed and is a desirable feature. 



Apron. — A modern term used to denote the frill, or long coat curving out from below 

 the neck of the collie, Pomeranian, etc. 



Arm. — The upper portion of the leg covered by the skin of the body, and extending 

 from the shoulder blade to the elbow, which see. 



Bat Eared. — Ears held erect like those of the bat. 



Blaze. — A white line, narrow or broad as the case may be, extending from the nose 

 up the skull, and in the case of St. Bernards connecting with the white collar. 



Breeching. — The long hair on the back of the hind quarters as seen in the setter, 

 spaniel and collie. 



Brisket. — The front of the chest, which see. 



Brush. — The proper term for the tail in some breeds, such as the collie. 



Butterfly-nose. — A nose in which the coloured pigment is not complete and part of the 

 nose is white. 



Button-ear. — An ear which falls forward on or by the side of the skull, as in the fox 

 and Irish terriers. 



Cat-foot. — A foot short, round and compact, with more depth than is seen in the 

 hare foot, which see. 



Character. — WTiile expression is confined to the look of the dog, as he looks at you, 

 •character may be said to mean the dog as a whole as he appears to you. A dog that con- 

 veys the impression of strong individuality, is a typical representative of the breed and 

 has the proper expression, is said to be full of character. 



Chest. — The lower part of the body between and immediately behind the shoulders. 

 The front of the chest is called the brisket. 



Chop. — The thick, hanging lips of the bulldog. 



Coat. — The hairy covering of the dog. 



Cobby. — A short-bodied dog, with little space between the ribs and hips. Similar 

 in meaning to the same term as applied to a horse. 



Couplings. — The proper definition is the length of body from the shoulder to hip 

 joint. Frequently applied to a dog showing too much length from ribs to hips, but in such 

 cases "slack in loin " is a better term, as specifically indicating the fault. 



Cow-hocked. — In order to accommodate a cow's movements, on account of the full 

 udder, the hind feet are turned outward and this brings the hocks closer together, causing 

 a shuflBing gait. In some cases, particularly in large dogs, it is caused by weakness in the 

 hind legs; in others, such as the St. Bernard, when dew-claws were considered a necessary 

 feature the feet were turned out, for much the same reason that the cow turns hers out, to 

 avoid the "interfering" of the dew-claws. With the disappearance of the dew-claws in 

 St. Bernards cow hocks are not so conspicuous in that breed as formerly. 



Dewlap. — Loose, pendulous skin hanging below the throat, allowable in a few breeds 

 • only, such as the bloodhound. Where the lower line of the throat should be tight-skinned 

 and there are any folds, the dog is called " throaty " which is a defect. 



Dew-claws.— \n extra claw or double-claw on the inside of the hind legs, formerly 

 considered an essential in the St. Bernard, and erroneously supposed to assist the dog in 



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