THE CAMEL. 183 



members of this limited family all show a wonderfully complete 

 adaptation to the peculiarities of those regions where they exist. 

 Their dentition differs in some respects from the other ruminants, 

 and they seem in consequence to form a link between the Bumi- 

 nantia and Pachydermata. Camels have thirty-four teeth, sixteen 

 in the upper jaw, namely two incisors, two canines, and twelve 

 molars ; eighteen in the lower jaw, namely, six incisors, two 

 canines, and ten molars. The incisors of the upper jaw are conical, 

 compressed at the sides, pointed, and somewhat curved or hooked, 

 bearing in consequence a close resemblance to canine teeth. 



There are two species of camels, the one known as the Arabian 

 camel {Gamelus dromedarius), with only one hump on its back, 

 and the Bactrian camel, with two humps {Gamelus Badridnus). 

 Many people are still in confusion on this subject, calling the one- 

 humped animal the dromedary, and the two-humped one the 

 camel. They are both camels, the word dromedary being only 

 applied to a particularly graceful and slender variety of the one- 

 humped species that are used for speed on account of their 

 greater fleetness. 



Mr. "W. G. Palgrave * explains the difference. " The camel and 

 the dromedary in Arabia are the same identical genus and 

 creature, excepting that the dromedary is a high-bred camel, and 

 a camel a low-bred dromedary, exactly the same distinction which 

 exists between a race-horse and a hack — both are horses, but the 

 one of blood, the other not. The dromedary is the race-horse of 

 his species, thin, elegant (or comparatively so), fine-haired, light 

 of step, easy of pace, and much more enduring of thirst than the 

 woolly, thick-built, heavy-footed, ungainly, and jolting camel. 

 But both and each of them have only one hump, placed immediately 

 behind -their shoulders, where it serves as a fixing-point for the 

 saddle or burden. Owing to this similarity they are often con- 

 founded in the common appellations of ' Baa'reer ' or ' Kok,' male 

 or female, though yet more often the dromedary enjoys the 

 special title of ' hejeen ' or ' dolool.' For the two-humped beast, 

 it exists indeed, but it is neither an Arab dromedary nor camel; 

 it belongs to the Persian breed called by the Arabs ' Bakhtree,' or 



* " Narrative of a Year's .Tourney through Central and Eastern Arabia." 



