THE CHIMPANZEE. 545 



but catching sight - of the body once when the door was opened, 

 and again when it was carried past the front of the cage, he 

 became violent, and cried for the rest of the day. The day follow- 

 ing he sat still most of the time and moaned continuously. This 

 gradually passed away, however, and from that time he has only 

 manifested, a sense of a change in his surroundings by a more 

 devoted attachment to his keeper, and a longer fit of anger when 

 he leaves him. 



" Notwithstanding the intensity of his sorrow at first, it seems 

 suflBciently evident that now a vivid, recollection of the nature of 

 the past association is not present. To test this a mirror was 

 placed before him, with the expectation that on seeing a figure 

 so exactly like his lost mate, some of the customary signs of recog- 

 nition would take place : but even by caressing and pretending to 

 feed the figure in the glass, not a trace of the expected feeling 

 could be excited. In fact, the only visible indication of a change 

 of circumstances is that, while the two of them were accustomed 

 to sleep at night in each other's arms on a blanket on the floor, 

 which they moved from place to place to suit their conve- 

 nience, since the death of the one, the other has invariably 

 slept on a cross-beam at the top of the cage, returning to 

 inherited habit, and showing probably that the apprehen- 

 sion of unseen dangers has been heightened by his sense of 

 loneliness." 



While agreeing with Mr. Brown in the conclusion he arrives at, 

 namely, that among the animal emotions it is evident that any high 

 degree of permanence in grief of this nature belongs to man, and 

 that in most animals the feeling appears to be excited only by the 

 failure of the inanimate body while present to the sight to perform 

 the accustomed actions, yet in this instance his looking-glass ex- 

 periment was hardly conclusive of the fact. It is well known that 

 animals with any high degree of mental organization are rarely 

 deceived in this way. A dog shown his reflection in a mirror does 

 not behave as he would had he met a live animal. Some indi- 

 viduals will bark, but nearly all, when they see it for the first 

 time, show a puzzled sort of expression, and after going round the 

 glass examining it, seem to give it up as something no dog 



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