UNDER THE APPLE-TREES 
machine going, then turns it over to secondary 
causes. How is it possible to conceive of so-called 
secondary causes, except as phases of the First 
Cause? When we use the phrase, the idea of dele- 
gated power, drawn from our civic experience, seems 
to be in our minds. But I doubt if the universe is 
run on this plan, though our ecclesiasticism has made 
much of this idea. Our idea of cause, anyhow, is 
drawn entirely from our experience with material 
bodies and forces. In living nature, and in the 
brain of man, cause and effect meet and become one. 
There is no up and no down, no east and no west, no 
north and no south, in the depths of sidereal space; 
neither do any other of our mundane notions of 
primary and secondary causes apply to the universe 
as a whole. 
The rain causes the grass to grow, and the sun 
causes the snow to melt, but we cannot apply the 
idea of cause, in this sense, to nature as a whole, but 
only to parts of nature. Gravitation caused New- 
ton’s apple to fall, but what causes the earth to fall 
forever and ever, and never to fall upon the body 
that is said to attract it? 
Huxley’s scientific faith was more radical and un- 
compromising than Darwin’s. It never went into 
partnership with the old teleological notions of cre- 
ation. Huxley not only accepted the development 
theory, with all that it implies, but, so far as I can 
make out, he accepted the theory of the physico- 
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