ii8 ORDINARY RIDING. 



shoulders inert ; and the ordinary pirouette, that of faxing 

 the hind quarters on the ground. 



We cannot get a horse to do a pirouette, if we drive 

 him forward. 



At the beginning of breaking we should not employ any 

 movement which will leave one part of the horse stationary, 

 for the great point is to make the horse move with his 

 whole body. 



Instead of pirouettes, it is better to do ordinary and 

 reversed voltes, in which we can always press the horse up 

 to his bridle. The volte is, in fact, only a pirouette described 

 on a large circle. 



In the reversed volte, the croup describes the great circum- 

 ference. A horse which enlarges the circle has a tendency 

 to get behind his bit. In the ordinary volte the shoulders 

 describe the great circumference. Then, if the horse 

 diminishes the size of the circle, he has a tendency to get 

 behind his bit, to avoid which fault he should be kept be- 

 tween the legs. We should ask him to do only movements 

 which bring his whole body into play, and we should keep 

 pressing him forward. 



SCHOOL WALK. 



When the horse is well in hand at the walk, we can make 

 him do the " school walk,'' which is a shorter, lighter, and 

 more cadenced pace than the ordinary walk. In it, the feet 

 are put down in the same succession as in the trot, from 

 which it differs only by the fact that its steps are shorter. 



To obtain the school walk, we should use the legs ener- 

 getically and the hands moderately ; should make numerous 

 movements with the horse's whole body by means of these 

 aids ; * and should cover as little ground as possible, by 



* By this I mean the movements of the horse as a whole which bring 

 him into hand, namely, to send him by the legs on the hand and to send a 

 part of the impulsion from the hand to our legs. 



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