ROTATION OF CROUP AND SHOULDERS. 109 



little by little, in making the horse give way, by holding the 

 head straight (Fig. 39), which is called a " direct effect." 

 Now it is necessary for him to yield, by adopting '' diagonal 

 effects " in the same way, namely, with the whip on the left 

 and the flexion on the right (Fig. 40).* For that purpose, 

 without using the snaffle rein, the end of which is in my left 



Fig. 39. — Direct effects in rotation of croup and shoulders. 



hand.t I catch hold of the near curb rein, quite close to the 

 mouth, with the left hand, while the right hand, at the height 



* I have already explained that lateral equitation is only a preparation for 

 diagonal equitation, which is the only rational method, and by which alone we 

 can obtain combined effects. Everyone understands that the action of the rider 

 should be effected diagonally, for the simple reason that the movements of the 

 horse are produced diagonally. 



t For the better explanation of the action of the reins, I have omitted the 

 snaffle in Fig. 40. 



I may remind my readers that the proper way to hold the ends of the snaffle 

 reins is to have the buckle in the hollow of the hand (Figs. 38 and 39). 



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