ECHI.XCII'SIS 



white: fr. small, ellipsoidal, about 1 in. l.ms. S. Braz., 

 Uruguay and Argentine Republii-. B.M. ;!111. B.K. 

 20:1707. 



gemmita, K, Sob. (£. I„rbin,)l.i. Zucp.l. Fis. 749. 

 Stem simple or sometimes branrbing, at lirst low- 

 spherical or short, columnar, later more top-.shaped, 

 reaching 1 ft. in height by 4-G in. in diam,, dark green: 

 ribs 13-U, rarely more, straight or sometimes slightly 

 spiral with sharp or obtuse margins, which are but lit- 

 tle or not at all undulate; central spines appear tirst, 

 about 3-IJ in number, very short, stiff, black; later the 

 radials appear, about 10-U, longer, horizontallv spread- 

 ing, at first yellowish brown, later horn-colored : lis. 

 lateral or from the upper areoK-p, 9-11) in. l.iii:r. clear 

 white, with a pale greenish midline in the iJctals. S. 

 Braz. ' ' 



tubiildra, Zucc. (A'. Dm;Uii, Hort. E. Ziiei/ai-hiii, 

 Pfeiff. ). Stems spherical to ellipsoidal, at first simple 

 but later more or less branching, reaching 10 in. in 

 height by 8 in. ;.in diam., dark green : ribs 11-12, 

 straight, with margins inconspicuously undulate : radial 

 spines nninerous, sometimes as numy as 20, unequal, 

 horizontally or obli(iuely spreailing," yellowish white 

 with bri.wn tips, sometimes darker ; centrals :j-l, the 

 lowest the longest, reaching 5^in., later defie\ed: fls. 

 lateral, about H in. long, white with pale green midline 

 in the petals. ,S. Braz. and Truguay, B.M. 3027. 



Jichiicoj^S'S 21uU'jrt is a horticultural name only. 



C. H. Thojipson. 



ECHIN6STACHYS {spiiiij head, from the Ureek). A 

 bronieliaceous genus, nciw referred by Mez to .-Echmea, 

 which see. Three species have been oifered in the 

 Amer, trade: E. Hystrix, Wittm,, for which see p. 28. 

 E. Fiueliana, Wittm., which is ^i'. Piiiiliclna, Baker: 

 2-3 ft.: peduncle and bracts brilliant red: Ivs. banded, 

 spine-edged: spike dense, 2 in. long, spiny: petals 

 yellow, the tips fringed and incurved. Brazil. B . jM . .532 1 . 

 E. Van Houtteana, Van Houtte, is .E. Win Hmittetliia, 

 Mez iQic-snrlta rii n Houtd'nna, Morr. ) . Lvs. many, 

 strong spined, sometimes white-banded beneath : tls. 

 white, blue-tipped, in a crowded spike: 1-2 ft. Brazil. 



L. H. B. 



ECHITES ((ireek, viper: possibly from its poisonotis 

 milky juice or from its twining habit). Apoct/ndceie. A 

 large genus of tropical American twiners related to 

 Dipladenia, and of similar culture. Differs technically 

 from Dipladenia in the 5-Iolied disk and the glandular 

 or 5-scaled calyx. 



Andrewsii, Chapman {E. suherA'tei, And. ). Lvs. 1K~'1 

 in. long. cl(.ise together, oval or oblong, mucronate, acute 

 or rounded at the base, margins revolute: peduncles 

 axillary, 3-5-tld,, shorter than the lvs.: fls. yellow; 

 corolla ttibe 1 in. long, J-^in. wide, much dilated above 

 the insertion of the stamens, bell-shaped, scarcely longer 

 than the lobes; anthers tapering into a long, bristle-like 

 awn: glands of the nectary o, rounded, as long as the 

 ovaries, Sandy shores, S. Fla. W. Indies. 



paluddsa, Vahl. Lvs. oblong, oval-oblong, or lanceo- 

 late-oblong, rounded toward the mucronate top: calyx 

 segments glandular, devoid of an interinr scale, oblong, 

 mucronate-blunt, spreading; corolla tube funnel-shaped 

 above a cylindrical base ; anthers oblong-lanceolate, 

 acuminate, rounded-cordate at the base, hirsute on the 

 back above. 



umhellata, Jacq. Lvs. ovate or ovate-roundish, mticro- 

 nate : lis. greenish white; calyx segments glandular, 

 devoid of an interior scale; corolla tube cylindrical, en- 

 larged below the middle, tapering again above; anthers 

 rigid, tapering fri ni a liastate base, glabrous, W. Indies. 



W. :,i. 



ECHIUM (T^reek. meaning unkni.iwn). Eorrai/iuaciir. 

 Viper's Bu-tLoss. Coarse beriis anil shrubs, with spikes 

 of blue, violet, red or white Ilowers. Their ne:u-est jilly 

 of garden valtie is Cerinthe, btit they are very distinct 

 in general appearance, E. fastuo.'<itm, for instance, has 

 dark blue, .5-lobed tlowers al)Out half an inch across, in 

 spikes (J inches long an<l 2 inches wide, perhaps as many 

 as 200 fls. in a sptike. Great masses of stamens are thrust 

 out and add to the interest, and the young tiower-tmds 

 look like pink 5-pointed stars. Tbi-ee kinds arc cult, out- 



EGUPLAXT 



521 



doors in California. There Ix-'in'c no pul-ilished American, 

 experience with their cultivation under gluss, the follow- 

 ing points are y:leaned from The Garden 4L*, p. 88i (1892). 

 In rich soil they grow coarse and scarcelj" flower, and 

 the Ilowers are never as richly colored as when the plants 

 are more or less starved. Biennials seed freely, and the 

 seed is sown as soon as gathered. £". cunifhi/rs/on is a 

 greenhouse slirub or small tree which produces hundred.^ 

 of spikes during summer. After liowering "the old 

 stems or branches are cut back, when the plunt breaks 

 away again, and in this way may be had in bloom almost 

 at will." Cuttings strike freely, flower soon, and make 

 good pot-plants. Seedlings require a greater age and 

 size before blooming. £. ftLsfuosmu is the handsomest 

 of the shrubby kinds, grows 2—4 ft. high, has long, pale 

 green lvs., covered with soft wliite hairs, and fls of a 

 peculiarly brilliant deep blue. In California, Franceschi 

 says, Echiums are eminently suited for drj- places, and 

 need good drainage. B. ruh/an is a common weed in 

 the East. 



A. Fls. '7r,rl- line. 



cd-ndicans, Linn, f iE. f'l.K/udsKtn, Ja-cq. t., not Ait.). 

 Forms a bush :j ft. higii. but flowers at 3 ft., and its 

 f»)liage is grreii wlicn fresh, Imary white when dry. 

 Branches thick, leafy toward the tips: Ivs. lanceolate, 

 the upper ones smaller, crowded and narrower: panicles 

 much looser than the spikes of i7. fa::;tifosi(>n: fls. ses- 

 sile, pale blue, the buds reddish purple. Madeira. B.]\I. 

 m\S. B.R. 1:44. -The fls. are sometimes said to he 

 streaked with wliite <>r all white. 



AA. Fls . ^.ya/c blue. 

 fastudSTiin, Ait., nnt Jacq. This has darker blue fls. 

 in a dcnsf .spiki' and perhaps less hoary foliage than A'. 

 c>ni<lic<(iis. This was Hooker's concei>tion in IH-SG of the 

 relation of the two species, but De (.'and'dle formerly held 

 the opposite opinion. Canarips. R.H. 1670:10. <-Jn. 10:50. 



AAA. Fh. ivhiU'. 

 simplex, DC. Woody but biennial and not branched: 

 Its. ani]de, uval-lanceolate : panicle very long, cylindri- 

 (■;d. spikedike. the spikelets 2-fld., pedicelled: stigmas 

 simple. W. M. 



EDELWEISS. See Leontopo<lium . 



EDGEWORTHIA (after M. P. Edgeworth, English 

 botanist in E. Indies, and his sister Maria). Deciduous 

 shrub, with stout branches; lvs. alternate, entire, short - 

 petioled,crowdi-dat the end of the branches : fls. in dense, 

 peduncled heads, axillary, on branches of the previous 

 year, with or before the lvs., apetalous; perianth tubular. 

 4-Iobed, densely pul"'scent outsidi-; stamens 8, in 2 rows; 

 stigma elongated: tr. n dry drupi-. ( tne species from 

 Himal. to Japan, tlie li;irk of which is used for paper- 

 making. Ornamental shrub, with handsome foliage and 

 yellow, fragrant fls. Hardy only South, thriving in any 

 good, well-drained garden soil; if grown in pots a sandy 

 compost of peat and loam, with sufllfient drainage given, 

 will suit them. Prop, by greenwood cuttings in spring 

 under glass; also }>y seeds, obtained from dealers in 

 Japanese plants. 



GArdneri, ^leissn. ( F. papyrtfera, Zucc. F. chrij- 

 siiiiitha, Lindl.l. Lvs. elliptic or oblong-lanceolate, ap- 

 presse<l puLiesceut wlion young, glabrous above at length, 

 ;i-8 in. Jong: fls. about 1 in. long, densely clothed with 

 yellowish silky liairs outside, in dense heads about 2 in. 

 in diam. B.:\L Tl-^ii. B.R. '.VA-AH. F.S. 3 :289. -Cannot 

 withstand the Ioult, dry siinnuers Snutli. 



Alfred Rehdek, 



EDRAIANTHTJS. See Wuhhnihrrgia. 



EDWARDSIA. The leiniminous 

 is now iuclui.led in Sffli<.-r-i . 



^enus of this uanie 



EEL-GRASS. VaUi.,-ii'n 



spinUi,. 



EGGPLANT {S"I')num .Utlonuhia. Linn.). Sohnn)- 

 Cfie. Guinea Si^uash. Aubeegixe of the French. This 

 ]dant is a native ot the tropics, probably from the East 

 Indies, init its native land is n*it kn<".>wn. It is cultivn'ed 

 ti> a greater or less extent tln'oughnur The entire tn.qpical 



