ELYMUS 



fiLYMUS (Greek, rollnl np or enveloped). Gra- 

 mineix:. Lvmb Grass. Wild Rye. Erect perennial 

 grasses, with flat or convolute Ivs. and closely-fltl. termi- 

 nal spikes: spikelets 2-G-fld., often long-awned, the up- 

 permost imperfect, sessile, in pairs (rarely in 3's or 4's) 

 at the alternate notches of the continuous or articulat/- 

 rachis, forming terminal spikes; empty filumcs acute 

 or awn-pointed, persistent and suhtending the Us 

 like an involucre. Species about 20, in the temperate 

 regions of Eu., Asia and N. Amer. For A'. Hijstris, see 

 Asperella. 



arenirius, Linn. Sea Lyjie Grass. Stout, coarse 

 perennial, 2-8 ft. high, with strong, creeping rootstocks: 

 Ivs. long, rigid, smooth : spikes dense, terminal, 0-12 in. 

 long; spikelets about 1 in. long and M^-rtd.-One of the 

 best grasses known for Ijinding the drifting sands of 

 "ur Atlantic and Pacific coasts, e^^pecially when com- 

 bined with Beach Grass (see A mmoph Ha arenaria ) . The 

 seed is also used by the Digger Indians for food. 

 ^ Canadensis, Linn. Canada Lyme Grass. Tekrel 

 Grass. Rather stout, smooth perennial, 3-.'J ft. high, 

 with broad, flat Ivs. 6-12 in. long : spikes 4-9 in. long, 

 exserted, nodding; spikelets very rigid, 3-5-fld.: fl.- 

 glumes long-awned. Com- 

 mon in low thickets and 

 along streams in rich , open 

 woods t h roHg bout the 

 country. — Cult. as an 

 ornamental plant. Var. 

 glaucifoliuB, Gray (E. 

 glaucifdlins, Plort. ), is 

 pale and glaucous through- 

 out, with usually more 

 slender awns. Cult, as an 

 ''•rnamental grass. 



condensitus.Presl. Giant 

 RvE Grass. The largest 

 of the native Eye Gr.asses, 

 growing to the height of 

 .i-lO ft.: culms in dense 

 tufts, stout : spikes 8 in. 

 to 1% ft. long, very vari- 

 able, compact or inter- 

 rupted, bearing branching 

 clusters of spikelets at 

 each joint. Common in 

 the Rocky mountain re- 

 gions and the Pacific slope. 

 — Useful for binding the 

 loose sands on railway 

 banks. Cult, as an orna- 

 mental grass. 



glatlcus, Regel. A glau- 

 cous-leaved, dense, cespi- 

 tose, hardy perennial grass 

 .S-4 ft. high, with very 

 short, smooth Ivs. and 

 erect, elongated spikes : 

 spikelets in 2's, erect, 

 usually 5-fld., densely vil- 

 lous - pubescent, short - 

 awned. Turkestan. — Rare- 

 ly in cult, as an ornamen- 

 tal grass, p, B, Kennedy. 



EMtLlA (perhaps a per- 

 sonal name). Compdsitce. 

 Herbs, perennial or an- 

 nual : related to Senecio, 

 but always without rays ; 

 heads rather small, the in- 

 volucre very simple and 

 cup-shaped, with no small 

 <-'Uter scales: akenes with .5 acute ciliate angles: florets 

 all perfect. A dozen or more species have been de- 

 scribed from Africa, tropical Asia and Polynesia. One 

 species in common cult. 



flimmea, Cass. (E. sagittita, DC. E. sonchifdlin, 

 Hort. , not DC. E. sonchlfblia, Linn., var. sagittiitcf, 

 Clarke. Cacdlia coccinen, Sims, B.M. 564. C. son- 

 rhifdlia, Hort., not Linn. O. sagittita, Vahi. ■!??- 



enc1':ph.vlart(.)s 



529 



761. Emilia flammea. 



Separ:i,te head X .■'3. 



necio sagittatus, Hottm.). Tassel Flower. Flora's 

 Paint Brush. Fii;. Tiil. A neat annual, erect, 1-2 ft., 

 glabrous or sparsrly hairy, the long stems terminated 

 by clusters of small scarlet (golden yellow in the fona 

 called Cacillia Uitt'ii, Hort.) heads: Ivs. lance-oblong or 

 ovate-laneeolate, clasping the stem, remotely crenate- 

 dentate: involucre scales much shorter than the florets. 

 E. Ind., Philippines.— This much-named annual is one 

 of the commonest garden flowers. It is of the easiest 

 culture in any good soil. Blooms from July until frost, 

 if sown as soon as weather is settled. 



E. purpurea, Cass. (E. sonchifolia, DC, not Hort. Camliji 

 sonchifolia, Linu. Senecio sonchifolia. Mceuch). Radical Ivs. 

 often morf^ or less lyrate, stem Ivs. broader and clasping, the 

 heads fewer in the cluster and the involnere scales nearly as 

 lon^' as tlie rtorets. Apparently not in cult, iu this country, 



L. H. B. 



£NC£LIA (meaning obscure}. Cotnpositw. About 20 

 species of American herbs, chiefly western, often woody 

 at base. The following was introduced by Franceschi, 

 Wanta Barbara, Calif., and has fls. 2?y in. across, with 

 yellow rays and a black disk. Has probably never been 

 tried in the East. 



Calif6rnica, Nutt. ^Yoody at base, 2-t ft. high, 

 strong-scented, rather hoary, or becnmiug green : Ivs. 

 1-2 in. long, ovate to broadly lanceolate, usually entire, 

 indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly stalked: 

 rays numerous, 2-4-toothed: seeds obovate, with long, 

 silky hairs on the callous margins and a shallow notch 

 at the tip. 



EMMENANTHE (Greek, enduriny flower; the per- 

 sistent corollas retain their shape when dry like ever- 

 lasting flowers). Hydrophylld.cea'. Half a dozen an- 

 nual herbs from western North America, of wliich tlie 

 most interesting species was introduced to cultivation 

 in 1802, under the name of California Yellow or Golden 

 Bells. It grows 9-12 in. high, forming bushy plants, 

 each branch loaded with broadly bell-sliaped, pendulous, 

 unwithering flowers, about half an inch long, of creamy 

 yellow. The general effect of a branch suggests the 

 lily-of-the-valley, but the foliage is pinnatilld. The 

 lasting character of the fl. distinguished the genus from 

 its allies, the nearest of any garden value being Pha- 

 celia. Corolla lobes 5; stamens 5; style 2-cut. The spe- 

 cies named below belongs to a section of the genus, 

 with calyx lobes broader downward, and coarsely pitted 

 seeds. All the others have the calyx lobes broader up- 

 wards and the seeds more or less wrinkled transversely. 



pendulifldra, Bentb. Californi,v Yellow or 

 Golden Bells. Somewhat sticky, with long or short, 

 soft hairs : Ivs. pinnatifid, lobes numerous, short, 

 somewhat toothed or sharply cut: ovules about 10: 

 seeds 1 line long. Calif. G.C. III. \\-:S.V^. -^ jj 



EMP£)TKUM (Greek, ev, in, petros, rock ; growing 

 often on rocks), ^mpetriicece. Crowbekry. Evergreen, 

 hardy, xjrostrate or creeping, heath-like shrubs, with 

 small, crowded Ivs., inconspicuous purplish fls., and 

 globose, red or black, edible berries. They grow best in 

 moist, sandy or peaty soil, and are especially handsome 

 for rockeries. Prop, usually by cuttings of nearly rip- 

 ened wood in late summer under glass. One species 

 through the northern hemisphere in mountainous and 

 arctic regions, also in S. America. Lvs. generally lin- 

 ear, thick, alternate : fls. dioecious, small, 1-3 axillary, 

 nearly sessile, 3-merous: fr. a 6-10-seeded drupe. 



nigrum, Linn. Lvs. linear to linear-oblong, glabrous 

 or nearly so, entire, ,^«-Hin. long : fls. purplish: fr. 

 black, about one-fifth in. in diam. Var. purpilreum. ])('. 

 Fr. red. Arctic and boreal N. Am. Var. nibrum, D('. [E. 

 ruhrum, Vahl). Y^oung branches and margins of lvs. 

 villous, hence the plant grayish green: fr. red. Antarc- 

 tic S. Am. B.R. 21:1763. Alfred Rehder. 



ENCEPHALARTOS (Greek, en, within, kephale, head, 

 and artos, bread; alluding to the brtad-like interior of 

 the trunk) . Cycaddceie. Grand cycads from tropical and 

 southern Africa, grown chiefly for their splendid ever- 

 green foliage. Nineteen or less species. The fine-et pic- 

 ture of an Encephalartos in any American periodical is 

 probably that in Garden and Forest 4:209. accomi>any- 



