606 



FRAME 



FRAXINUS 



FEAME. Fi^. 865. A bos without permanent top or 

 bottom which is designed, when covered with glass or 

 other transparent material, as a place in which to grow 

 plants. When supplied with artificial bottom heat, the 

 frame is part of a hotbed; when supplied only with snn 



864. Fruit of Fragaria 

 Americana. Nat. size 



863. Fragaria Americana 



(See Pragraia, page COrj.) 



heat, it is part of a coldframe. The Frame may be of 

 any size, but the normal size is 6 x 12 ft., an area which 

 accommodates four 3xGft. sashes; and this 0x12 area is 

 understood when one speaks of "a Frame." See Hot- 



L. H. B. 



hed 

 FKANClSCEA 



Included with Brunfelsia. 



FRANCdA (Fr. Franco, Valencia, sixteenth century). 

 Saxifragdceiy?. Three species of Chilean perennial 

 herbs, with turnip-like (lyrate) Ivs. and terminal, dense 

 racemes of white or pink fls. borne in summer. They 

 are interesting as having points in common with Cras- 

 sulaceae, Rosacea, Galax and even Diontea. They grow 

 about 2 ft. high, and in the North could perhaps be win- 

 tered in a coldframe. Scape-bearing, glandular-pilose 

 or tomentose: rhi?;ome thick, many-headed: Ivs. glan- 

 dular-dentate: fls. 1 in. across, as many as 36 in racemes 

 6 in. long: floral parts in 4's, rarely 5's; petals obovate, 

 clawed. 



A. FIs. v'liite. 



ramdsa, D. Don. Taller, woodier and more 

 branching tlian the others, aud distinguished 

 by pubescent inllorescence. Leaf-stalks not 

 margined: tls. smaller. Hardy at Washington, 

 D. C, according to J. Saul, "with spikcs"2 ft. 

 long and 1 in. thick. 



AA. FJs. umslhi jnnk. 



B. Lea f-sta !/{.■< hnxnll ,j ivuirird at the base. 



sonchif61ia, Cav. Lower lobes continuous witJi 

 the broad margin nt tiie base of the leaf-stalk: 

 petals deep rose, dark-spotted. B.M. 'XW). 



BE. Leaf-s/aJks vot wviigcd at the hase. 



appendiculata, Cav. Lower lobes distant from the 



base of flic stidk: petals i>ale rose, rarely spotted. B..^I. 



3178 (shows a white Jongifndin.'il band on petals). B.K'. 



19:1645, where Lindley said (IH.'S.'t), "It thrives lietter if 



constantly kept in a greenhouse, especially if 

 planted in the open soil, where it can be freely ex 

 to light and air, without which the beautiful spots 

 petals are scarcely developed." His plate shows 4] 

 red spots near the base of each petal. L.B.C. 19 

 erroneously named F. .'^ovcJufoUa, has themidveir 

 bases of the side veins of the petals dark red. yy 



FRASERA (John Fraser, English botanist, coi: 

 in America 1785-90 and published Walter's Flora 

 liniana). Gentiamlcea'. Cor.UMBO. Large, stout 1 

 all North American, and all but one far-western "^ 

 single stem from thick, bitter, mostly biennial : 

 opposite or whorled ivs., and cymose clusters o: 

 white, yellowish (jv bluish fls. which are commonly 



spotted ; calyx deeply 4-parted ; corolla v 



shaped, 4-parted, persistent. 



A. Lvs. in ivhorJs of 4-0, tiot irhite-margir 

 specidsa, Dougl. Fls. greenish white or t 

 tinged bluish, dark-dotted : 2 glands on 

 corolla lobe.— Cult, by D. M. Andrews, Boi 

 Colo. 



AA. Z/vs. ill 5'i' or 3's, ivhite-mnrgined. 



B. Height I'-J ft.: fls. whitish, dark-dotte 



P4rryi,Torr. Lvs. opposite or in 3's: 1 no 



d on each corolla lobe. — Int. 1891 by Orcutt 



Diego. 



BB. Height 3-Sin.: fls. hluish. 

 Ciisickii, Gray. Lvs. opposite: 1 gland reaching 

 near the base to near the middle of each corolla lo 

 Adv. 1889 by F. H. Horsford, Charlotte, Vt. ^_ 



FKAXINELLA. See Blctatnnus. 



FRAXINUS (ancient Latin name). Oledce(v. 

 Hardy ornamental trees, with deciduous, opposite 

 nate, rather large lvs. an<.l small fls. in panicles, e 

 appearing before the Ivs. and greenish, or in the si 

 nus Ornus after or with lvs. and whitish in showy 

 cles : the winged fr. is insigniticant. They arevali 

 as street and park trees, and grow mostly into tall, 

 amidal or broad-headed trees, with rather light f 

 foliage, which turns yellow or dark purple in fall c 

 mains green, as in F. excelsior and Ornus. The A 

 seldom severely injured, though a number of in 

 and funtri prey on the lvs. and wood, of which two bo 

 and a fungus attacking the lvs., are perhaps the 

 obnoxious. Most of the species are hardy North e; 

 those from tjje southern states, southern Europe 

 Himalayas ; of the sub-genus Ornus, F. Bnugeano 

 F. long ir its pis seem to be the hardiest. The Ashe 

 important forest trees, and the straight-grained 

 tough wood is much used for handles of tools, u 

 manufacture of carriages and wagons, for the int 

 finish of houses, and for furniture, for baskets and 

 for fuel. From F. Onias manna is obtained as an 

 dation of the trunk, and some Chinese species yieb 

 Chinese white wax. The Aslies grow in almost 

 moderately moist soil, F. nigra being somewhat t 

 moisture-loving, while 7'\ oxycarpa , F. Ornus, F. S 



^ SeS A Fran u 

 It accommodates four sashes, 

 ana and F. eiispidata irrow well even in drier situat 

 They are generally readily transplanted and irrowra] 

 when young. Prop. l)y seeds gatliered in fall and i 

 immedintely, or stratified and sown in spring, cov 

 about 1 in. hi;,di with good soil; sometimes remain 



