626 



GARCINIA 



'consummate achievemeut 



is usually regarded a 

 the art of gardening. 



Mangostina, Linn. JIango-steen. Fig. S'X',. Heiglit 

 20 ft • Its. 7-8 in. long, elliptic: lis. reddisli ; petals 4: 

 fr. about 2H in. indium. B.JM. 4847. L.B.C.y:845. P.S. 

 22:2:ir,'J. G.C. II. 4:(i.:7. 



Mortlla, Desr. Gamboge Tree. Height 30-50 ft. : Its. 

 more tapering at both ends: tls. yellowish: fr. resem- 

 bling a Morelio cherry in size and shape. -fv. JI. 



The Mangosteen is a native of the Malay peninsula 

 and archipelago. It is cultivated, and bears fruit in 

 some parts of Ceylon and in a few spots in the Madras 

 Presidency, but no success has been obtained in its cul- 

 tivationiu other parts of India. DeCandoUe, In his " Ori- 

 gin of Cultivated Plants," says: "Among cultivated 

 plants it is one of the most local, both in its origiu, habi- 

 tation and cultivation." In the West 

 Indies it is successfully cultivated in 

 Trinidad and Jamaica, but only iu 

 spots -where the climate is moist, hot 

 and fairly equalile all through the 

 year ; for instance, in the Jamaica 

 Botanic Gardens it bears good crops of 

 fair-sized fruit at Castlefon, in aval- 



893, The Mangosteen— 

 Garcinia Maneostana. 



One of the choicest 

 tropical fniits. 



ley on the north .side, with a mean temperature of 7G°F. 

 and an annual rainfall of 113 inches, whereas attempts 

 to grow it liave failed at Hope Gardens, in the Liguanea 

 plain of the south side, with a mean temperature of 72° 

 and an anuual rainfall of 52 inches. Experience in 

 Konthern India \s much the same; it will fc^ow oiily in 

 valleys,— not in the open plains. In England the tree 

 has been grown in hothouses and the fruit ripened suc- 

 cessfully. 



The Gamhoge Tree is much more widely distributed, 

 beiUiS; native throughout India, Ceylon, Malaya and 

 Siara. As one might expect, its cultivation is easy, as it 

 stands a considerable amount of variation of moisture 

 and heat. In Jamaica it has become naturalized in some 

 parts of the wetter districts. s^^^ Pawiiktt. 



GARDEN and GAKDENING. The word Garden 

 etymologically means an inclosed space, and Garden- 

 ing is, therefore, distinguished from agriciilture by be- 

 ing carried on within an inclosure of some kind instead 

 of in the open fields, (iardening operations are usually 



GARDENIA 



conducted on a smaller scale than thosQ oC agricu 

 and by more intensive methods. Gardening and 

 culture are really synonymous terms, but, by us 

 horticulturist is supposed to have a more ext 

 training and wider range of activities than a gar< 

 I\Ioreover, the word Gardening now suggests nn 

 the private, homelike and personal point of 

 whereas the most distinctive feature of America! 

 ticulture is the immense commercial importau 

 fruit-growing on a greater scale than that of Old ' 

 Gardening, and a marked emphasis of the profes 

 side of a fruit-grower's work. The history and d 

 sion of Gardening are, therefore, set forth in this 

 under Horticulture. Large private places are 

 divided into Fruit Garden, Kitchen Garden and F 

 Garden. Fruit-growing is the same as Pon 

 (which see). Kitchen-Gardening, iu its widest se] 

 the same as Vegetable-Gardening {which see), o 

 more learned word, Olericulture; but the expn 

 Kitchen-Gardening is now less common, and gen 

 indicates the private and uncommercial point of 

 whereas Market-Gardening and Truck-Gard 

 (which are practically the same) are now the 

 words used for the wholesale aud commercial s: 

 Vegetable-Gardening in the U. S. Flower-Garden 

 third primary division of Gi 

 ing, is the same as Ploric 

 which see). Under Oman 

 Gardening and Landscape Gf 

 ing are explained the two dif 

 points of view in the use of i 

 and flowers for 

 own sakes or 

 grouped for a 

 effects, the n 

 like or pictui 

 conception beii 

 forth under 

 scape Gardenin 

 the artificial or 

 ly decorative 

 under Ornar 

 Gardening- Ai 

 being the only 

 try where cut-fl 

 are commercially more important at presen 

 the trade in potted plants, a special article 

 voted to Cut-flowers in this work. Other d 

 ments of Ornamental Gardening are treat* 

 der Greenhouse Management, Alpine Gi 

 including Rock Gardens), Aquatics (inc! 

 Bog Gardens), Trees, Shrubs, Herbaceou; 

 ennials and Annuals. 



GARDENER'S GARTER. Arundo I 

 rar. rariegafa, and PJniIaris arundinaceo 



P'icta, 



GARD£NIA(afterAlexander Garden, M.D., of CI 

 ton, S.C., a correspondent of Linnteus). Mulncicea 

 includes the Cape Jasmine, a tender shrub 2-6 ft 

 with thick, evergreen foliage and large double, 

 Camellia-like, fragrant tls. It blooms from May tc 

 in the South, where it is often used for hedges, 

 hardy as far north as Va. In the middle of the a 

 the Cape Jasmine was considered oneof the finesi 

 shrubs in cultivation, but with the waning popula 

 Camellias the doom of tlie Cape Jasmine as a con 

 tory plant was sealed. The Camellia has a greater 

 of color, and has had hundreds of varieties, wt 

 scented rival has had barely a dozen. The flowers 

 Cape Jasmine have never been so perfectly regi 

 those of a Camellia, and the plants are very sub 

 insect enemies. Their bloom is successional rath( 

 close, and large plants are therefore not so sh( 

 Camellias. They are considerably grown abroad f 

 fls. in early spring, young plants a season or two 

 ing used for best results. The variety with vari 

 foliage is dwarfer and weaker growing. The true' 

 cal name of the Cape Jasmine is G. jasmino 

 name almost never used in the trade. "Cape Jas 

 itself is one of the most remarkable cases of the i 

 of an erroneous popular name. Thesinele-tld. foi 



