UAKDEMA 



CARDKNIA 



627 



iutrodaced much later than the double, and lias always 

 I)eenles3 popuUxr. The earliest picture ot: a living jdant 

 with single tly. was published in 1820 in B.R. 44!>. fclome 

 tine plants still known to the trade as (iurdenias are 

 now placed in the allied genera Rand ia and Mitriostigma. 

 These two genera have a many-celled ovary, while that 

 of Gardenia is l-celle<l. The calyx in Gardenia i.s often 

 Tubular, in Mitriostigma 5-parted, in Kaiidia various. 

 The testa of the seeds is membranaceous in Randia; 

 in Mitriostigma rather fibrous. Gardenias are obtain- 

 ;d>le chietly tbrongh southern and Californian dealers. 

 ( 'ape Jasmines are also handled by inii»orters of Japan- 

 ese plants, who sometimes offer seeds also. (! . luvida 

 was probably introduced by Reasoner, and O. lioth- 

 manni by Franceschi. For the true Jasmines f which 

 belong to the olive family, an<l are often trailing 

 plants), see Jasminnni. 



O. florida and G. radicans have long been figured separately, 

 aud cm- nurserymen still teep the names distiuet. The only 

 ^lifference which DeCandoUe records is that G. florida is more 

 shrubby and erect, with elliptical Ivs. acute at both euils, grow- 

 ing spontaneously in China and cult, in Japan, wliile G. radi- 

 cans has a stem that takes root, lanceohite Ivs., and is a native 

 ot Japan. Both plants, DeCandolle wi'ote, were cult, in India 

 and at the Cape. Ellis founded the genus upon a double rid. 

 specimen, which he figured in the Phil. Trans. Roy. S"c. Lond. 

 in 1701. In 1810 Sims pictured a double form in 11. M. lst2 witli 

 tliese remarks: "In the way that Gardenia radiran.s is treated 

 in our stoves, the stems show no disposition to put t'ortli roots; 

 but probably would were they suffered to come in contact with 

 the earth. It is doubtfiil whether it has ever been seen in tliis 

 country, or even iu China, with a single flower. There is a 

 great affinity between this species and Gardenia florida, from 

 which it ditfers very little, except in. the lesser size of its How- 

 <Ts and leaves, which last are narrowed at both extremities. 

 The flowers have nearly the samefragrant sincll, iind tlie idant, 

 ilowering more freely and being more easily propagatnl tlian 

 (tie true Cape Jasmine, it lias of late much taken the place ot' 

 this last, and is frequently sold for it." Before 1820, Sir J. 

 Smith wrote in Rees' Encyc: "The original iilea and cliar- 

 ;n*ter of this genus are taken, from G. florida, commonly called 

 'Cape Jasmine.' This was first brought to England by Capt. 

 Hutchinson (of the Gfodolphin Indiamaii). who, about the mid- 

 dle of tlie last century, met with a bush of it in full flower, 

 somewhere near the Cape of Good Hope, probaljly in a culti- 

 \'ated state. He brought the whole plant in a pot to England. 

 * * * Mr. Gordon, the nurserjTiian, having obtained layers 

 from the tree, propagated it so successfully tliat he is said to 

 have gained more than 500 I. by the produce. It is now fre- 

 ([uent in our gardens, treated as a stove plant, though it chiefly 

 requires heat in the early spring to make it bloom, being at 

 other times a hardy greenhouse plant. The flowers are tlie size 

 and aspect of a double Narcissus p'>e(iciis, with a sweet and 

 veiT powerful scent, resembling the flavoiir of ginger. They 

 turn buff as they fade." From the above e\"idence, and from 

 the pictures cited below, it seems clear that if the trade names 

 '/, Fortunei, florida and radicans really represent I! distinft 

 varieties, the only single distinction that can be made is in 

 \\idth of foliage; Fortunei having Ivs, '2 in. wide, florida 1-V 2 

 in., and radicans ?'2~1 iii- wide. 



A. Corolla tube ci/JindrlvaJ. 



B. Cahjx. ivith. 5 loyxj teeth. 

 C. Sihs on the calyx. 



jasminoides, Ellis. (G. florida, Linn. O. rad'icdiis, 

 Thunb. ). Cape Jasmine. Discussed above. For pictures 

 of double forms, see B.M. 1842 and 2627 and B.R. 1:7:{ ; 

 single, B.R. 6:449 and B.M. 3341); normal and varie- 

 gated foliage, R.H, 1864, p. 30. China. Var. Fortuniana, 

 UimW. {G. Fort unei,nort.). B.R. 32:43. F. 8. 2:177. R,B. 

 23:241. In 1893 John Saul advertised G. c unellUrflnra 

 in addition to G. rai-7'irai)<i, G. florida and vars. -m^jor 

 Mulmajestica. G. Sinensis ijraudiflbra of Berger's cata- 

 logue perhaps belongs here. 



CC. Rihs not prt-si )it. 

 liicida, Rosb. Buds resinous : 1\'8. oblong : stipules 

 annular, variously divided at the mouth, unequally 

 lobed. India, Burma, Luzon. — The calyx teeth are not 

 decurrent, as in the Cape Jessamine, and thus the calyx 

 does not have the ribbed look. 



EB. Cahjx tuhular,witli C> verij short teeth. 

 amcena, Sims. Differs from all here described in hav- 

 ing numerous strong spines nearly V^ixx. long, -which are 

 axillary. Lvs. oval.^acute, short-stalked : fis. subtermi- 

 nal ; corolla tube 1 in. long, longer than the lobes, which 

 are 6, obovate, white, with margins incurved enough to 

 show the rosy back. India or China. 



BBD. t'dhjx spathe-like . 

 Thunb6rgia, Lhm. f. Lvs. broadly elliptic, acute, with 

 pairs of glands along the midribs : Us. 3 in. across, pure 

 white; corolla lobes 8, overlapping. S.Afr. B.M. 10(J4. 

 — " Dwarf-growing."— 7'''raHC''.s'':7(/, 



AA. Corolla tuhe short and tcide-thronfed . 

 B. Fls. 3 in. lonij and broad. 



Rothminnia, Linn. f. Very distinct iu foliage and 

 ti. Lvs. with pairs of hairy glands along tbe midrib: 

 calyx ribbed, with 5 long teeth, equaling the short, 

 cylindrical portion of the corolla tube ; corolla tube 

 rather suddenly swelled, riblied : lobes 5, long-acumi- 

 nate, whitish, spotted purple in the mouth. S. Afr. 

 B.M. 690. L.B.C. 11 :10.'.:b-"Fls. pale yellow. "-/^rax- 

 ceschi. 



BB. lUs. i\^ in. long and broad. 



glohoaa, Hochst. Lvs. oblong, short-acuminate; leaf- 

 stalk nearly 3-5 lines long : ds. white, inside hairy and 

 lined pale yellow; calyx small, with 5 very short teeth; 

 corolla tube wide at tbe base and gradually swelled ; 

 lobes 5, short-acuminate. H. Afr. B.M. 4791. F.S. 

 9:951. 



G. citriodiira, Hook.^ Mitriostigrna axillare. — (/. Sfanleydna, 

 Hook. — Kandia maculata. "^y ^[ 



Gardenia jasminoides (the true Cape Jasmine) has 

 again become very popular, even suggesting its popu- 

 larity thirty years ago, when its wax-like, fragrant blos- 

 soms were highl}'^ fashionable. Then several of tbe lead- 

 ing tlorists erected special houses for it, in order that they 

 might flower it in the winter season. The writer had 

 charge of one of these houses. The attempt to bloom 

 them in midwinter was, however, only partly successful, 

 for it is against tbe nature of the plant to force it into 

 bloom before the turn of the sua in, say, January, li 

 the plants have been well established the previous sum- 

 mer and are well set with flower buds, they can be suc- 

 cessfully forced into bloom in a sunny greenhouse, giv- 

 ing them stove heat and frequent syriugings with tepid 

 water. The plants will be entirely covered with their 

 great blossoms. To grow and prepare such plants, cut- 

 tings with two or three joints or eyes of well-ripened 

 wood should be made in December or January, puttint; 

 them into the propagating bed of sharp sand, with 

 abottomheatof not less than 75°, and keeping closeuntil 

 callused. Then air can be admitted. After rooting, they 

 should be potted into small pots and grown on until tho 

 middle of May, wlien they can be planted out into a cold- 

 frame or old hotbed, into a rich, sandy loam, giving them 

 the full sun and treating them the same as Firn.^ elastica 

 is now grown. Abundance of water and frequent syring- 

 ing are essential. Finch the shoots, so as to make the 

 plants bushy and branchy. In the latter part of August 

 or beginning of September the plants should be potted 

 into 5-, 6- or 7-inch pots, according to their size, then 

 placed either in a hotbed with gentle bottom beat or 

 in a house where a moist stove temperature can be 

 maintained until the plants are well rooted. During this 

 period they should be slightly shaded, after which the 

 plants can be hardened off and put into their winter 

 quarters. Put in a cool greenhouse where Azaleas or 

 Camellias or otlier Now Holland or Cape stock is win- 

 tered, until their time for forcing into flower arrives, iu 

 the early part of the new year. 



There is considerable difference between the large-leaf 

 or Fortuniana variety and tbe common G. jasminoides. 

 While the same treatment will answer for both, and the fl. 

 of the former is much larger, it is not so protitable for 

 commercial purposes as the ordinary G. jasminoides. 

 There is also a difference between these and the variety 

 known as G. rad/rans, and its variegated variety, radi- 

 cans fol. var. These plants grow much dwarfer, and 

 their habit is more radicant or flat or prostrate in 

 growth. Their foliage is myrtle-like and the flowers are 

 much smaller and are less valuable. These, however, 

 make good flowering (dwarf) pot-plants under similar 

 treatment. The variegated form is cultivated in great 

 abundance in Japan, in the gardens in semi-tropical 

 sections. None of the other varieties is of much com- 

 mercial importance, and they have value only in botani- 

 cal collections. yx_ \_ SiEBRErHT. 



