(JEKAKIHA 



GEUM 



641 



BB. Corolla (jlahrniis f>n(side : perennial. 

 0. Ee'iijld J-0 ft. 

 quercifdlia, Pursh. Stem at first glaucous: lower Ivs. 

 :i-5 in. loug, 1-2-pinnatitia : upper Ivs. often entire. 

 Dry ■woods, N. Am. 



CO. Hi'hjhf 1-2 ft. 



laevigata, Kaf. Not glaucous: Ivs. 1 ^^-4 in. lonj;. 

 < »ak barrens, etc., N. Am. 



AA. Fls. rosy piirj'lc i-orehj lujnj'niij to ivhiti-. 

 B. JJciylif I II. 

 tenuifdlia, Vahl. Hel^dit 1 ft. : l.ram-hing, paniculate: 

 iuilor. racemose : Ivw. rjiostly narrowly linear: corolla 

 ^ain. long. Low or dry ground, X. Am. 



BB. Uei'jht J-.J ft. 

 linifdlia, Nutt. Perennial: Ivs. erect, very narrowly 

 linear, 1 line wide: calyx teeth minute ; corolla 1 in. 

 long. Low pine barrens, N. Am. Not cult.. Imt said to 

 be a parent with Pfu/sfenioti pidi-hetlus of G. hybrida, 

 Hort. Int. by Haage & Schmidt, 1899. The poor cut in 

 S.H. 2:485 seems nearer l*entstemon than Nerardia. 



W. M. 

 GERMANDER. See Tencrlum. 



GESNfiRIA (Conrad Gesner, Zurich, 1510-1505, cele- 

 brated naturalist, and considered to be the originator of 

 tUe idea of genus in taxonomy). Oesnerdcece. Some- 

 times written Gesnera. More than 50 herbs of tropical 

 America (chiefly Brazilian), with simple, opposite Ivs. 

 and showy tubular fls. in terminal short panicles or 

 fascicles. Calyx campanuhite, 5-parted ; corolla long, 

 straight or curved, more or less veutricose, the base 

 often distinctly swollen or gibbous, the limb mostly 

 shallow-toothed and nearly regular ur bilabiate ; sta- 

 mens 4, didyuamous (in pairs uurlcr the upper lip); 

 style 1, long ; glands on the disk in the tl. Handsome 

 warmhouse plants (mostly tuberous) allied to Achi- 

 menes. Gloxinia, Isoloma and Streptocarpus. Some of 

 the Gesnerias of the trade belong to Nn?gelia, which dif- 

 fers, amongst other things, in having an annular or 

 ringed disk rather than a disk of distinct glands. 



L. H. F>. 



Gesnerias are tuberous bulbous, or rhizomatous 

 plants. They are natives of tropical S. America and 

 Mexico, and all have aperiod of rest corresponding with 

 the dry season. The stems rise directly from the root- 

 stock. They are clothed with opposite, mostly heart- 

 shaped, sometimes ovate, leaves. They are densely hir- 

 sute ; the hairs often are brightly tinted, giving them a 

 sheen like the plumage of birds, so that they are quite 

 as much admired for their handsonae foliai^e as for the 

 dowers. Tlio inflorescence is generally a branched 

 corymb, and the flowers are tubular-labiate, with the limb 

 rarely flattened, as in Achimenes. Gesnerias are not 

 nearly as popular as they once were, probably un ac- 

 ('ountof the transitory character of their corollas, which 

 are continually falling, lasting but a day or two. The 

 roots must be kept in a moderately warju place, such as 

 would suit Gloxinias. They should be kept in the pots 

 in which they have grown, and be watered about once a 

 week during the resting period. It is a mistake tt* sup- 

 pose the roots can bo kept in dry sand and still retain 

 their vitality. When the roots show a tendency to send 

 up stems is the time to start them, picking out the ad- 

 vanced ones first. In this way a long season can be se- 

 cured. They need a ligJit .s(,)il to start with, aliout equal 

 parts leaf-soil, loam and sand, aiid should be placed in a 

 moderate temperature. Very little water will be required 

 until they are well started. If it is desired to increase 

 stock, smaller bulbs may be boxed off, and cuttings 

 made of surplus shoots. Seeds are produced rather 

 freely, and some good hybrids are in cultivation. As 

 they advance in growth, larger pots will be needed, and 

 a little stronger soil, — the mixture diviiled into four 

 parts, adding well-decayed manure. They will take 

 abundance of water and some liquid manure when com- 

 ing into bloom. If neatly trained they make handsome 

 specimens. Their beautiful foliage is liable to be 

 spoiled by impurities or sediment in water, so that we 

 avoid overhead syringing, particularly as they develop. 

 After blooming, a good liglit place should be given, and 



the plants watered until they show signs of goiug to 

 rest. As they are naturally an under^-ro^vtli, a liglit 

 shading will be beneficial in the hottest weatin-r. 



Cult, by T. D. Hatfield. 



A. Lv^. oi-ren. 



cardin&lis, Lem. (G. m a '■t-<ln I Ji a, Hort.) . Stem 0-12 in. 

 high, stout and hairy : Ivs. large, cordate-ovate, cre- 

 nate-dentate, petioled : lis. red, tubular, hairy, slender 

 (2-.'-i in. long), the upper lip ]irojecting and the lower 

 one almost wanting, borne in a terminal, more or less 

 flatcluster. Nativity unknown. On. 42:874. — G. Duvali, 

 Hort., is evidently only a slender form of this species. 



H§nderBOni, Hort. Lvs. velvety green : fls.:; iu. l-nig, 

 brilliant scarlet, in a large truss. Probably <if garden 

 origin. 



longifldra, Hort., is a small-leaved species, with droop- 

 in;r. long-tubed nicotiana-like white fls. Gn. 3M:044.— 

 The botanical position of this plant is in doubt. It is 

 not the G. lovgi flora , HI^K., which is purple-fld., nor 

 G. longl flora, DC, wbich is Achiyncm's hmqiflora. By 

 some it has been confounded with Jsoloma longifoliion , 

 Decne. 



AA. Lrs. rirlihj ralvn.O, at lea^t underneath . 



L^opoldi, Scbeidw. Compact : stem erect from tbfi 

 large, depresf;ed tuber, thinly hairy: lvs. verticillato in 

 4's, broadl}' ovate-acuminate, more or less une(jual at 

 base, dentate, green above and purple beneath : tis. long- 

 tuliulur, thinly hairy, the loljes nearly e(pia! ; lij^ht scar- 

 let, in a rather loose, umbel-like cluster. Nativity not 

 recorded. F.S. 7:704-5. Gn. 53:1170. 



Donkelaeri^na, Lem. {G. JtonJceJnrii, IJnok.}. Stem 

 often 2 ft. tall : lvs. large, cordate-ovate, <-renate, hairy, 

 ^'reen and purple-tinged above and purple beneath : fls. 

 tubular-campanulate, the rounded lolies nearly equal, 

 (lull red, 2 in. long, hanging from long jjedicels in a 

 I'dTffd panicle. Variable. Colombia. P.I\1. 5070. K.B. 

 21:97. F. 1853:241. 



Exoni^nsis, Hort. Hybrid : lvs. velvety, with red and 

 purple hairs: fls. bright orange-red, in close clusters. 



refiilgenB, Hort. Hybrid; lvs. cordate-oval, red hairy: 

 fls. deep red or vermilion. — One of the best. 



G. cinnabar'lna. Liiifb, is a N;cg':'li:i.— (/. (iaateinaJi-nsis. 

 Hort., "a free grower and liloomer, tis, orange," was once of- 

 fered hySim\.— (j.ja.sminifldra.'H.ort./^i\i^. of tlie purestwbite, 

 freely produced, lieantiful," once offered by Saul.— O. obldnea. 

 Hort., fls. orange, offered once by Saul. — <i. rr>l>usta, Hort., 

 "vermilion, beantifidly spotted and tigered." offered once by 

 SaTil. — G. zehr'ina, Paxt., see Nfegelia. The (iesncrias are much 

 confused by hybridizing and breeding. l_ jj_ g 



G£UM (Greek, ijcuo, to have a taste ; referring' to the 

 roots). Bosdeed. This genus includes some tine hardy 

 border and rock plants, some of which are valued for 

 their bright red fls.; some for their pure yellow fls.; 

 others for their long plumy fruits. Herbs, with a per- 

 ennial rhiz<"nne. sometimes stoloniferous : root-lvs. 

 crowded, odd-pinnate, the alternate h.tbes often smaller, 

 terminal ones largest ; stem-lvs. few, mostly of 3 Ifts. 

 or bract-like: fls. 1-2 in. across, solitary or corynd>ose. 

 jNIore than .'-iO species, mostly in temperate and frigid 

 regions. 



The ydumy kinds are all contained in the subgenus 

 Sieversia. G. Chilocnse is the best species, and in the 

 gardens is commonly seen in doultle forms. A gardener 

 writes that "inferior forms show scarcely any duplicity." 

 Geums are of easy culture, and are prop, by division or 

 seed. It is said that they hybridize freely if grown 

 together. The dwarf kinds are suited only to the rock- 

 ery. CoiTevon, of Geneva, Switz., writes that G. reptan.'i 

 is one of the best of the rockery kinds, and needs full 

 sunlight. For G. trifloruni he advises half exposure to 

 sun and a light, moist soil. G. rivale grows naturally in 

 marshy places. 



A. PluDii/ Genms: style in fruit lomj and plumose. 



B. Th. yellow. 



c. Plants spreadiny hi/ runners. 



r6ptans, Linn. Root-lvs. interruptedly pinnatifid : 

 upper lvs. 3-lobed : fls. erect ; petals obcordate. Eu. 



Gn. 45:950. — The purple styles are pretty. 



