650 



GLAUCIUM 



GLEDITSCHIA 



eunials, a few of which are grown for their large poppy- 

 like fls. and glaucous-bhie foliage. Sepals 2: petals 4: 

 stamens many: ovary with 2 (rarely3) cells, the stigmas 

 miter-shapetl, the fruit becoming a long silique-like 

 capsule: Ivs. alternate, lobed or 

 dissected. Glauciums are low, 

 branchy herbs, often somewhat 

 succulent, with large fls., mostly 

 yellow or orange, but varying 

 to red and purple. The fls. are 

 usually short-lived, but they are 

 borne in rapid succession. They 

 are well adapted for foliage ef- 

 fects in borders or edgings. Of 

 easy culture in any good soil. 

 They prefer an open, sunny 

 situation. Mostly prop, by seed, 

 Iiut the perennial kinds by di- 

 vision; however, the perennials 

 are short-lived, and usually had 

 best be treated as biennials; 

 they should be grown from seed. 



lilteum. Scop. ({?./-^)iwfw.DC.). Fii^^s. ni5. niG. Stems 

 stout, 1-2 ft., pubescent ; radical Ivs. 2-pinnate and 

 hairy, the upper clasping and sinuate-pinnatihd : fls. 

 generally solitary, on long stems, 2-3 in. across, yellow 

 or orange. Eu. — Sparingly naturalized E. Perennial or 

 biennial; sometimes grown as an aumial. 



comiculitum, Curt. {0. phceniceum, Gaert. G. ru- 

 brtim, Hort. ) . Lower: radical Ivs. pinnatifid, pubescent, 

 the upper ones sessile and truncate at the base: fls. red 

 or purplish, with a black spot at the base of each petal. 

 Eu. — Mostly annual. G. Fischeri, Hort., is probably a 

 form of this. X/. H. B. 



915. Glaucium luteum. 



GLAZIOVA. See Coi 



OS insignis . 



GLilCHOMA. See Nepcta. 



GLEDtTSCHIA (after Gottlieb Gleditsch, director of 

 the botanic garden at Berlin; died 1780). Syn Gledit- 

 ■sia. LeguminbsiB. Honey Locust. Ornamental decid- 

 uous trees, often with large branched spines on trunk 

 and branches : branches spreading, forming a broad 

 graceful rather loose head, with finely pinnate foliage, 

 generally light green and turning clear yellow in fall; 

 the greenish fls, appearing in racemes early in summer 

 are inconspicunus, but the large, flat jiods are ornamen- 



916, Glaucium luteum (X^:i). 



tal and the fertile tree is therefore to be preferred 

 for planting. G. iritiniydlio^ is a useful native. G. 

 Japonica and G. ferox are almost hardy North. They 

 are very valuable trees for park jdanting and for ave- 

 nues, and make almost inipenetral)le hedges if planted 

 thickly and pruned severely. The eoarse-grained wood 

 is durable and strong. The pulp of the pods of G. iri- 

 acanthos is sweet when fresh, hence the name Honey 

 Locust, but becomes bitter at length ; in Japan it has 

 been used as a substitute for soap. The Gleditschias are 

 of vigorous growth and thrive in almust any soil. Prop. 



by seeds sown in spring, about 1 in. deep, they should be 

 soaked in hot water before being sown; varieties and 

 rare kinds are sometimes grafted on seedlings of 6. tri- 

 acanthos in spring. About 10 species in N. America, 

 Asia and Africa. Lvs. alternate, abruptly pinnate, often 

 partly bipinnate on the same leaf , or wholly bipinnate, 

 both usually on the same tree : fls. polygamous ; calyx 

 lobes and petals .3-5, stamens 6-10 : pod compressed, 

 mostly large and indehiscent, 1-many-seeded. 



A. Pod thin - IV ailed : Irs. pitinafe ivith more than 

 12 Ifts., or bipinnate. 



triacdnthos, Linn. Honey or Sweet Locust. Thkee- 

 THORNED Acacia. Fig. 917. Tree, 70-140 ft., usually 

 with stout simple or liranched spines 3-4 in. long: lvs. 

 Ci-S in. long, with pubescent grooved rachis ; pinnate 

 with 20-30 Ifts., bipinnate with 8-14 pinnpe; Ifts. oblong- 

 laneeolate, remotely crenulate-serrate, %-\Vi in. long: 

 fls. very short-pedicelled in lM-3 in. long, narrow ra- 

 cemes: pod 12-18 in. long, 

 slightly falcate and twisted 

 at length. May, June. From 

 Pa. south to Miss., west to 

 Neb. and Tex. S. S. 3:125, 

 12(3. — Var. in6rmis, DC. Un- 

 armed or nearly so, of some- 

 what more slender and looser 

 hal)it. A^ar. Bujoti, Hort. 

 ( <!. Bujoti phidula, Hort.). 

 With slender, pendulous 

 branches and narrower Ifts. 



Jap6nica, Miq. Tree, 60-70 

 ft., with somewhat con - 

 pressed, often branched 

 spines, 2-4 in. long: lvs. 10- 

 12 in. long, with grooved and 

 slightly winged, puberulous 

 rachis, pinnate with lG-24 

 Ifts., bipinnate with 8-12 

 pinnje ; Ifts. ovate to oblong- 

 nearly lanceolate, obtuse, 

 entire or remotely crenulate, 

 lustrous above, 3^4-2 in. long: 

 fls. short-pedicelled, in slen- 

 der racemes: pod 10-12 in. 

 long, twisted, bullate, with 

 the seeds near the middle; 

 pulp acid. Japan, China. 

 G.F. 6:1G5. — Var. purptirea, 

 Eehd.{ G. Sini'>i^is,xviY.pi(r- 

 purea, Loud. G. coccivea, Hort. G. Sinensis, var. ori- 

 etitaUs, Hort.). Lfts. broadly oval to oblong-oval, obtuse 

 or emarginate, ^--l^- in. on the pinnate, smaller on the 

 bipinnate lvs. 



£6rox, Desf. Tree, with compressed, large, usually 

 iiranched spines: lvs. with grooved, almost glabrous 

 rachis, usually bipinnate; pinnte 6-10, with many lfts. ; 

 Ifts. ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, minutely and 

 remotely crenulate, %-iy^ in. long. China. Often cult, 

 under the name G.maenicantJia, Sinen.^isYar. Japonica 

 ;ind horrida and usually referred to G. Sinensis, but 

 seems more closely allied to G. Japonica. Var. ii4na, 

 Hort., is a shrubby, often less spiny form. 



AA. Pod thick - u-alJed : lvs. jyinnate, icith 4-12 lfts., 

 nnrii/ b/pinnate. 

 Sinensis, Lam. Tree, to 40 ft., with stout conical often 

 branched spines: lvs. 5-7 in. long, with grooved pubes- 

 cent rachis, and 8-18 lfts.; lfts. ovate or oblong-ovate, 

 oI)tuse or acute, crenulate-serrate, reticulate beneath, 

 ■\{-2 in. long: fls. distinctly pedicelled, in slender ra- 

 cemes: pod almust straight, thick, 4-7 in. long, 1-1 ^-i in. 

 broad. China. 



6'. aquatica, Marsh. (G. monosperma, Walt. G. inermis.Mifl., 

 imt Linn.). Water or 8\\"AMe Locust, Tree, to 6it ft. with 

 inostly simple spines: lvs. i-iimate, with r>lS ovatc-obloag. 

 '■renulate It'ts., or bipinnate, with G-Rpinna^: pod thin, ellip- 

 tic, 1-seeded, \-Z in. long. From Oarolin;i south, west to Texas. 

 S..S. '.!.:VXl-2'A.—il . aiistrdlis, llomsl. Tree with large spines: 

 lfts. very oliliijiic, oblong, eroiiato leathery, shining: pod with 

 coriaceous w.-dls, A-^ in. long. S. CliiiKi- — o'. Ca.^}>ica, l^esf. 

 AUw] to G. triui-nnthos. Ia's. pinnate with rJ-20 ovate, crenu- 

 biti- b'ts., or bipimiate withO-Spinn;e: pod tliin, pnlpy.to 12in. 

 long.— (r'. Fontani'si. Spach.^G. macrac:intlia.— (r. hvrrida 



917. Gleditschia triacanthos. 



(XK.) 



