654 



GLYCYRRHIZA 



GONGORA 



The roots of Glycyrrbiza, a native of southern Eu- 

 rope and central Asia, are used extensively by drug- 

 gists; in America by brewers and manufacturers of 

 plug tobacco; in Turkey, Egypt and France to make 

 cooling drinks. Our supply — more than one and a half 

 million dollars' worth in 1S99— is derived mainly from 

 Spain, Portugal, Italy, Turkey and Russia (Transcauca- 

 sia), the roots from Spain and Italy being considered 

 best, and those from Turkey poorest on account of their 

 bitterness. The soil for Licorice must be deep, mellow, 

 moist, rich and free from stones. Plants are usually set 

 in rows, 3 ft. or more apart, and not less tliau 1 ft. asun- 

 der. After the plants have covered the ground, they 

 are allowed to shift for themselves for 3 or 4 years. 

 Harvesting is primitive, the roots being exposed by the 

 plow and pulled by hand. Large quantities of roots are 

 thus left to produce a succeeding crop or to overrun the 

 field as weeds. One ton to the acre is considered a fair 

 yield; I.O cents a pound an average price. In America 

 the only fields worthy the name are in California, where 

 Licorice is not considered very paying. Experiment and 

 experience witli it are, however, but little more than 

 begun. M. G. Kains. 



GLYPTOSTROBUS. See Taxodiuw. 



GMfiLINA (after one of five distinguished German 

 botanists named Gmelin). I'erheudcea'. Eight species 

 of E. Asiatic and N. Australian trees and shrubs, bear- 

 ing yellow or brownish irregular fls. sometimes nearly 

 2 in. across. A very few plants may be cult, in Euro- 

 pean warmhouses, and in America only in S. Fla. and 

 S. Calif, outdoors. The genus produces a fancy timber 

 similar to teak, which is a product of the same order. 

 Vitex and Clerodendron are better known congeners. 

 Spiny or not: shoots tomentose: Ivs. opposite, entire, 

 toothed or lobed: tls. in panicled cymes, tomentose at 

 least while young; corolla tube slender below; limb ob- 

 lique, D- or 4-lobed; stamens 4, didynamous. 



A. Lvs. becoming 9 in. long, Gin. wide. 

 arborea, Roxli. {G. J^heedii, Hook.}. Unarmed tree, 

 sometimes attainirigGO ft., deciduous, flowering with the 

 young Ivs.: Ivs. conlate-ovate. India, IMalaya. B.H. 

 4395. Cult, only in S. Calif, by Franceschi, who keeps 

 <?. Rheedii separate. 



AA. Zc.9. M--?/'2 '>'. long. 

 Asi^tica, Linn. {G. pan'indra , Pers., a typographical 

 error for G. parvifdiia , Roxb. ). Shrubby, sometimes 

 spinescent: Ivs. ovate or obovate, entire or lobed. In- 

 dia, Ceylon. 



GNAPHALIUM. See Leontopodinm and EeUehry- 

 sum. There are various native Gnaphaliums, but they 

 are not in cultivation. G. Uinatam of gardeners is He- 

 lichrysuni petiolatum . 



GOAT'S BEARD is usually Spir(p<, Aninru.^: also tlie 

 genus Tragopogon, to which the Salsify or Oyster Plant 

 belongs. 



GOAT'S FOOT. Oxalis Caprina. 



GOAT'S RUE. See Galcga. 



GOBO. See Bin-dock-. 



GODETIA. Included in iUnothera. 



GOLDEN CHAIN. Lnhurmiw vuhjare. 



GOLDEN CLUB. Omnfimn. 



GOLDEN DEWDROP. Fanciful name for Bio-anta 

 Plunru-ri. 



GOLDEN FEATHER. See Chru.Kantln'mum parlhc 

 7iioi<l<'.^ . 



GOLDENROD. Sniidogo. 

 GOLDEN SEAL. I/j/draslis. 

 GOLD FERN. Gi/>nHogn(w»,a 



GOLDFUSSIA. Included in Strohihxnthes. 



GOLD THREAD. Coptic trifolia. 



GOMBO, Gumbo, i.r ( )kra. See Hibiscus esculcntus. 



GOMPHRfiNA (name suggested by Gromphrmua. 

 Pliny's name for some Amaranth, supposed to be de- 

 rived from gntpho, to write or jjaint; alluding to the 

 highly col'ired or "painted" foliage). Amarantacec^. 

 This genus in(dudes the (-Jlobe Amaranth, a common 

 everlasting flower of easy culture. It is also known as 

 Bachelor's Button, though two other utterly distinct 

 plants (Centaurea Cija^iiiti and li'annnculus acris) have 

 the same popular name. The flower-heads are an inch 

 or less in diameter, globose, of many colors, and chiefly 

 remarkable for the showy bracts, which hide the true 

 flowers. In a family remarkable for brilliant foliage this 

 genus seems to be the only one valued for everlastings. 

 Nearly all the other everlasting flowers of importance 

 belong to the Composit;«. Gomplirena has about 70 spe- 

 cies, mostly in the warmer parts of America and Aus- 

 tralia, but the Globe Amaranth is widely dispersed 

 throughout the tropics. Herbs erect or prostrate, pu- 

 bescent to villous, with or without a leafy involucre: 

 fls. short or long, white or colored: bracts short or long, 

 concave, and keeled, winged or crested on the back. For 

 culture, see Aiinnal.'i and JJ re rla sting Flowers. 



glob6sa, Linn. Globe Amaranth. Bachelor's But- 

 ton. Height 18 in. or less: Ivs. elliptic to obovate, the 

 largest 4 in. long, 1% in. wide, tapering to a petiole. 

 July. B.M. 281.5. R.H. 1890, p. 522. P.R. 1:333. The 

 following names of horticultural varieties indicate the 

 range of color : vars. dlba, aiirea, carnea, nana com- 

 pacta ( = alba), purpurea, striata, viol^cea. Dwarf and 

 compact forms are likely to be associated with any color. 

 There is a narrow-leaved form of this species which 

 Voss calls G. Haageana, Kl. [G. anrantidc-a, Hort. G. 

 coccitw'i, Decne.), which has lanceolate Ivs.. often fi 

 times as long as broad. Tlie Ivs. are rarely >2 in. wide. 

 R.H. 18.14:161. All are easily grown annuals. 



Q. gnaphalio^dfs, Vahh See Pfaffia. \^ _ J^;, 



GONANIA is a typographical error in some nurserv 

 catalogues for Gonania. 



GONGORA (after Don Antonio Caballero y Gongora, 

 Bishop of Cordova). Includes Acropera. Orchid (ic e(F , 

 tribe I'dndecr, suhtribe Cyrtopodihp. A small genus 

 of plants with curious spotted fls,, not common in cul- 

 1ivatii>n, and of little value except for collections. Dis- 

 tinguished from the other members of the subtribe by 

 being epiphytic, having the dorsal sepal adnate to the 

 column, and by its many-fld, raceme. Dorsal sepal erect, 

 spreading, thus appearing to spring from the base of the 

 column; lateral sepals spreading or reflexed from the 

 base of the column, wider ; petals small, adnate to the 

 base of the column; labelluni continuous with the col- 

 umn, narrow and fleshy, with 2 thick lateral horned or 

 aristulate lobes, and a central one which is saccate or 

 even folded, forming a vertical plate : column erect 

 or ascending, not winged: pseudubulbs suloate, sheathed, 

 bearing I or 2 large, plicate Ivs.: fls. borne in a long, 

 loose, pendent raceme arising from the base of the 

 pseudobulhs. 



Gongoras are extremely free-flowering, and grow 

 easily in a mixture of sphagnuiu and peat, with a litth- 

 charcoal added for drainage. During the growing season 

 they require plenty of water, and brisk heat. In the 

 winter tliey re(]uire little water, but sliould be kept in a 

 moist atniospb(-re in a cool, shaded liouse. They grow 

 well witli ( 'attleyas, or in a temperature of 00° in winter 

 and 80° in summer. Some growers prefer to use fine 

 fern root i)acked tightly and for a top finish a little fine 

 moss found in damp meadows, instead of sphagnum. 

 whicli in this climate is quick to decay. 



a. Jjiitcyal sepals ovate or oblong, truncate. 



truncita, Lindl. Pseudobulbs deeply furcate : lateral 

 sepals roUuul, obUtng, truncate, the upper one ovate, 

 keeled; petals minute, ovate; sepals and petals pale 

 straw color, sp<Utetl with purple ; base of labelluni com- 

 pressed in the middle, 2-horned : apex ovate, caiiidicu- 

 late. P,.H. 31:.n(;. 



