UELENIUM 



Moistplaces,Can.toPla.aiulwesttoB.C.andAriz B M 

 2994. On. 29:r,:j:l; 55:1L'1G. A.W. 12:082. G.C. ill! 

 10:433. -Very showy. It has distinct merit for tlie bacli 

 of borders, but is more appreciated in Europe than in 

 America. There are several garden forms: v.ar. pilmi- 

 lum is 1-2 ft. high, a very free bloomer, and ia largely 

 grown forcut-Howersin some places; var. grandiSIdrum 



IIELIANTHE.MU.M 



719 



1025 Helenium autumnale. 



Commonlj 1 no yn as Sneezeweed. 



1 var sup§rbum are unusually 

 \ f,Ti us ai I 1 irge-fld.; var. stria- 

 tum 1 IS a m 1 _)on and gold disk, 

 \Mth jellowiajs variously striped 

 and splashed ^-ith rich crimson. 



J.H. III. 31:293. This should be distinguished from 



the striped forms oi IT, nndifloyuin. 



BB. Z>/.s7l hrowii or purplish. 

 0. Lis. all t'n/tre: Juads solitayg or few, loiig-stalked. 



Bigelovii, Gray. Stem 2-3 ft. high, nearly smooth: 

 upper l\'s. narrow to oblong-lanc folate, lower spatulate: 

 heads commonly l'.2-2i.2 in. broad: rays !?.iin. long: 

 flower-stalk slender. Aug. Wet ground, Calif. S.H. 

 1:373. 



Boldnderi, Gray. Stem 1-2 ft. high, stout, somewhat 

 pubescent : Ivs. oblong to ovate-lanceolate, the lower 

 obovate: heads connnonly 3 in. wide: rays often 1 in. 

 long: flower-stalKs thick, hollow. June-Sept. Low 

 ground, N.E. Calif. Gn. 29, p. 191. R.H. 1S91, p. 377.- 

 Sometimes grown as H. {/rfnidil'lorus. 



cc. Lower li's . toolln"l : lifiid^ ii\imcro}t^ , i'or)/inl>osf , 



.■ihorl-.-iliill.-ed. 

 nudiSlirum, Nutt. Stem 1-3 ft. high, roughish, leafy: 

 lower Ivs. spatulate, toothed : heads l-lVain. across: 

 rays wedge-shaped, drooping, yellow, brown-purple or 

 striped with both colors. July-Oct. I\loist soils, N.('. 

 to Pl.-i., west to III. and Tex. — A garden form, var. 

 grandic^plialum striatum, has fls. over 2 in. across. 



AA. Sleti) inul bynu-Jtes vot iri}i(p:d. 



Hodpesii, Gray. Stem 1-3 ft. high, stout, slightly to- 

 mentose \\-hen young, but soon smooth, branching above 

 into an umbel of several to many tls. : Ivs. thickish, en- 

 tire: heads usually borne singly on long stalks, com- 

 monly 3 in. wide : rays but slightly drooping; disk 

 yellow. Ma3'-Sept. Rocky Mts. — A very tine border 

 plant, and especially valuable for cut-fls. 



46 



H. Doualasu, Hort. =M(niolopia major.— if. tenuifolium 

 Nutt. Annual. A wned in tlio s(,ulliern Atlantic and soutli- 

 western states. Stem S in. to 2 ft. hiKli, very k-afy: Ivs. thre.-id- 

 like, entire, sessile, often wliorled. Va.,Fla., west to Mo. and 

 '^'^'^- S. W. Fletcher. 



HELIANTHfiLLA (Greek, resemhUiig Heliunthus). 

 CoinpusiUd. Eleven species of hardy perennial herbs 

 from North Amer., with showy yellow Hs. borne in au- 

 tumn. The species described below is advertised by a 

 western dealer in native plants. Stem commonly un- 

 branched: Ivs. mosily scattered and sessile, linear or 

 lanceolate, entire: heads solitary or few, with yellow 

 rays and a yellow or brownish disk. The single species 

 in cultivation is easily grown in a variety of soils, and 

 is propagateil by seeds or by dividing the rootstocks. 



Heliauthella belongs to a group of genera distin- 

 guished from Heliauthus by having the fruits laterally 

 compressed instead of thick an. I obtusely angled. 

 Other cultivated genera of this group are Actinomeris. 

 Encelia and Verliesina, which are distinguished fron) 

 one another by combinations of IVuit and pappus char- 

 acters. 



quinquenervis. Gray. Stem 2-4 ft. high, nearly 

 smooth: Ivs. njostly opposite, 4-9 in. long: beads 3-.o in. 

 broad, long-st.-ilked, solitai-yor a few below iu the a.xils 

 of the ivs., with an involnci-e of large, leafy bracts : 

 rays pale yellow, I'.j in. long. .Jnue-Sept. Kockv Mts. 



S. W. Fletcher. 



HELIANTHEMUM (Greek for i»« floirer). Cis- 

 tdeeie. KouK Kusi.;. SuN KosE. Erostweed. Herbs or 

 subshrnbs in temperate and warm climates of C)ld and 

 Xew Worlds. The species are confused, and eslimates 

 of their numbers vary from 30 to more than 1(10. Fls. 

 opening in tlje sun, mostly yellow, usiuilly in terminal 

 clusters; petals 5, soon falling; stamens nuiny : ovary 

 imperfectly 3-loculed, containing numerous seeds ; 

 style 1 : stems hard and n)ore or less woody : Ivs. 

 small, linear or oblong, entire, often grayish. Helian- 

 themums are evergreens or nearly so, forming low mats 

 of herbage, and bearing a prolusion of tls. in hot 

 weather. They are especially adapted for rockwoi k and 

 borders. They thrive in rather poor soil. Although the 

 following species are fairly hardy in the North, they 

 profit by a protection of mulch, ri-op. mostly by divi- 

 sion; also by seeds and by cuttings of half-ripe wood. 

 See Cisliis. Sweet's "Cistine,"B" ( 1H2.';-1830, London ) is 

 the monumental work on these plants. See, also, Nich- 

 olson in Gu. 2C, p. 420, for a running account of the gar- 

 den forms. 



Canadfinse, Slich.v. Fkostweed. Diffuse, 2 ft. or 

 less high, caulescent : Ivs. oblong, linear, or oblanceo- 

 late, nearly sessile: ds. solitary or 2 together, 1 in. 

 across, bright yellow, the sepals bairv. In rockv and 

 sandy soil, Me. to N. C. and Wis. G.W.F. 29.-Sold by 

 collectors. The later axillary branches produce small 

 apetalous fls. 



Chamaecistus, Mill. Usually less than 1 ft. tall, pro- 

 cumbent, forming mats : Ivs. linear-Ianceolale or 

 broader, numerous at the base of the plant, small, hoary 

 beneath but green and hairj' above: fis. normally yellow, 

 in loose, more or less nodding racemes, on hairy pedi- 

 cels. Eu., N. Afr., W. Asia. — This is the commonlv 

 cult, species, running into maity forms. It is much less 

 grown in this country than in Eti. It is an excellent 

 rockwork plant. There are dontjle-dowered forms; also 

 forms with red and copper-colored fls. The following 

 names occurring in trade lists are to be referred to this 

 species-group: aiir/u.^tifdl'Kin , dlb<i-pJe>in, airrdiilea- 

 pleiio, croceitm, cnpr^niiu^ gyandiflnrum , h n.'iso/>ifdlinin , 

 Jiiteit plhio, m'/UiI'iJe, purpureti-pleuu, rlinduntltcvmw , 

 rJtoddiitJiuni, variuhi (e , vidijdye. 



ocymoides, Pers. (11. Ahiarrense, Dun. Chtiis Ah 

 (iarren.ie, Sims). Shrub, 2-3 ft., twiggy, nearly erect, 

 hoary-pubescent: Ivs. ojjposite, linear.oI)long or spatu- 

 late, the tips recurved: fls. bright yellow with a purple 

 eye, I^oin. across, in corymbose clusters. Spain and 

 Portugal. B.M. 5621. — Little known in this country. 

 Hardy in England. 



formdsum. Dun. (Cisttts for-mfisiis. Curt.). Spread- 

 ing, much-branched, tomentose, but becoming nearly or 

 quite gla];)rous with age : Ivs. elliptic to lance-obovate. 



