HELIANTHUS 



Ijroad, short-perluncled ; rays 15-25, about l'~ in. long, 

 showy. Prairies, Iiid., III., Wis. Gn. 45:1)00. G.m! 

 Sl:204. — A desirable Heliiintlnis. The garden form //. 

 xemipleiiiis is better than the type. Kesenible,s tall-grow- 

 ing forms of ff. rUjidiis, but di.ek yellow. 



20. CaUf6rnicu8, DC. Stem :i-8 ft. high. Ivs. lanceo- 

 late, rough ou both side.s: lis. loosely paniculate. Calif. 

 — Most of the plants grown under this name are a gar- 

 den form of n. anitiiuv. 



21. hirsiitus, R;if. Stem 2-1 ft. high, densely hairy: 

 Irs. ovate-lanceolate, thick, very rough, pubescent and 

 pale beneath: fis. several, 2-:t in. across. July-Oct. 

 Dry soils. Pa. to Ga., west to Wis. aud Texas. 



22. trachelifdlius, Mill. Resembles strumosus, but 

 stem and H. -stalks usually rongh-hairy and Ivs. thinner, 

 green on both sides. Aug., Sept. Dry soil. Pa. to Wis. 



S. "W. Fletcher. 



HELICHE'i'StIM (Greek fors»n and gold: referring 

 to the liower heads!. Gompnsitce. iijn.,JiJUchri/sum. 

 Nearly 31)0 Old World herbs or shrubs, mostly African 

 and Australian. Some of them are grown for everlast- 

 ings, being, with Helipteium, amongst the most impor- 

 tant plants for that purpose. Easily grown as hardy 

 annuals in any garden soil. Fls. of two kinds, the out- 

 ermost ones with pistils only: involucre dry and chaff- 

 like, the stiff overlappingscales glabrous, often colored: 

 heads large, terminating the branches, normally yellow, 

 but now varying into luauy colors in long-cultivated 

 forms. 



A. Ijvs. o'blong or narroir ; i/fowii for ^verhii<fhigs. 

 B. Heeds In rgr, si'/lhn-i/. 



bracteitum, Andr. Fig. lO.'lO. Stout annual, 1'^-:! ft. 

 tall, somewhat branched, the terete stems nearly or 

 quite glabrous: Ivs. many ami rather large, oblong- lan- 

 ceolate, narrowed to a short petiole, entire, green: 

 heads terminating the branches, 1-2'^, in. across, yellow 

 or orange, the short and obtuse involucre-scales inibi-i- 

 cated. Australia. — Perhaps the iimst important single 

 everlasting fi. grown in this country, particularly for 

 bold or heavy design work. It is very variable, particu- 

 larly in color. The heads are pure white in var. ilbum, 

 Hor't. {H'.(Ubum,Hort. H. nifeiiin, Gmh. B.JI. 3857); 

 scales tipped with red in var. bicolor, Hort. {JSIiclir;)sum 

 ()('oo(oc, Lindl. B.R. 21 :1S14| ; dark scarlet in var. atro- 

 coccineum, Hort. (ZT. atrociicciiiriim, Hort.) ; dark blood- 

 red in var. atrosanguineum, Hort. {H. atrosanguiiieum, 

 Hort.). The forms wdth ^-ery large heads are often 

 known as R. mao-dnthunt , Hort. The doulde forms are 

 often known as iT. 7}ioustrdsi{n) .Hovt. Other portraits 

 of this species will be found in B.R. 24:58. R.H. 

 1851:101. 



BB. Reads medium to small, hi eJusters. 

 c. Color yellow or or(i)ige. 



aren^rium, DC. A foot or less high, herbaceous: Ivs. 

 plane, white-woolly, the lower ones oblong-obovate and 

 long-attenuated into a petiole, the upper ones linear-lan- 

 ceolate and acute: heads globular, in compact little co- 

 rymbs, bright yellow. Perennial, in sand. France.— Ap- 

 parently not cult, in this country. See Everlasting. 



orientWe, Gaertn. (Gnapliitrium. orietitctle, Linn.). 

 Stem simple, 1)-^ ft, or less tall: Ivs. oval-oblong to lan- 

 ceolate, obtuse, sessile, ratlier small: heads bright yel- 

 low, small, globular, in corymbs. S. Eu. to Asia Win or.— 

 Much cult, in Mediterranean regions, but little known 

 in this country. 



apicuIMum, D. Don. Perennial, 1-2 ft., tomentose, 

 leafy below: Ivs. lance-spatulate, the base more or less 

 spatulate: heads ?2 in. across, in small heads or clus- 

 ters, orange-yellow, the scales sharp-pointed. Australia. 

 —Little known in this country. 



cc. Color white or nearly so. 



grandindrum, Less. Perennial, somewhat woody, de- 

 cumbent at the base : Ivs. crowded near the base, ses- 

 sile, obovate to oval or oblong, obtuse, w^oolly on both 

 sides : heads hemispherical, in corymbose clusters, 

 glossy, cream-color, iiiu. across. S. Afr. 



diosmaefolitun, Sweet. Tall, upright : Ivs. very small, 

 narrow-linear ( Kin. or less long), the margins revolute: 



HELICODICEROS 



723 



heads small and juimerous, wbite. — Cult, in S. Calif, by 

 Franceschi. Australia; sometimes grows 20 ft. high. 



AA. Lvs. ovale or broader : border and vase plant. 

 petiol^tum, DC. (Gnaphctlium lanaturn, Hort,), 



Tender perennial, cult, for its long, woolly stems and 

 woolly lvs., either as an edging in ribbon borders or as 



1030. Hclichrysum bractcatum ( X /a) . 

 Uue of the clioicest everlastings. 



an ornament in lawn vases : lvs. petiolate, ovate and 

 broad at the base, obtuse: heads (not often seen in 

 cult.) in branched cymes, the involucre scales obtuse, 

 cream-white. S. Afr.— An old garden plant. Prop, by 

 cuttings from stock plants carried over winter. 



r TT p 



HELICClDEA. See BiUhergia. 



HELICODtCEROS {Greek, spiralhj J-homed) . Ardcea'. 

 The extraordinary phmt shown in Fig. 1031 is known as 

 the "Hairy Arum " and sold by the bulb dealers as Arinn 

 crinlfum. ^Yheu in flower it has a disgusting odor, 

 whii'h attracts carrion tiies and bright green insects, as 

 uncanny as the plant itself. The plant is the only spe- 

 cies in its genus, the hairiness of the spadix being a 

 very distinct character. Helicodioeros and Dracunculus 

 are alike in having few ovules, which are fastened at the 

 top and bottom of the cell, but in the latter the starai- 

 nate and pistillate fls. are close together, while in the 

 former they are separated by a sterile portion. Arum 

 differs from both genera in having the ovules fastened 

 in 2 series at the side of the cell. The lvs, of Arum are 

 spear- or arrow-shaped, while in the other two they are 

 pedatelycnt. Latest monograph in Latin by Engler in 

 D.C. Mon, Phau. 2:004 (1879). 



This plant is wortli growing once, since it is one of 

 the great curiosities of horticulture. It may be secured 



