HIEKACU -M 



from wnich it is distinguished by liuvin^' stiiT, usually 

 brownisli, rarely white pappus, aud ulilouj^ or columnar 

 seeds. The cultivated species bear in summer and au- 

 tumn a succession of small yellow or orange-colored 

 lis. There is oue white-fid. species,//", tiivale. They are 

 often woith growing in rockeries and waste places, but 

 care should be taken to prevent thera from crowding 

 out more desirable plants. //. vllloaum is the most de- 

 sirable species. Hawkweeds will grow in almost any 

 soil or aspect. They are propagated chielly l>y dividing 

 the stolons, or by seeds, and if left to themselves will 

 soon form a dense mat of herbage over the poorest of 

 soils. The Old World species are much confused. 



A. FJowcrhiii sfrtu h-afh's^i or u-itli /-.' /r.s\; Jrs. niostlu 



in a rosvl/t at bn.sf <>f .s/cin. 



B. Scapes unhrandied above, brariin/ l)iif a .■single head. 

 Pilo36lla, Linn. JIouse-eak Hawkweed. Stem 



slender, 4-12 in. high, stoloniferous, densely hairy 

 throughout: Ivs. entire, oblong or spatulate, narrowed 

 into a petiole: fls. 1 in. broad, pale yellow, sometimes 

 striped or tinged with red or puride. — Commonly tlowers 

 the whole season. Int. from Eu. and common in door- 

 yards and fields. Ont. to Pa. and Mich. 



BB. Scapes hranched above, hearing sevt'ral to mam/ 

 heads, 

 c. Basal Irs. eoarsehj (oofJird. 

 vulg^tum, Fries (//. umln-dsam, Jor<l.). Stem l-.'l ft. 

 high, slightly glaucous: basal Ivs. 2-5 in. long, oblong 

 to lanceolate, acute at both ends, petioled, petioles usu- 

 ally pubescent. July-Sept. Int. from Eu. Ljab. to N. J. 



cc. Basal Ivs. entire or verjf flnelif toothed. 

 D. l/vs. inostiy obovafe to ovale, /'firplc-rvi iied. 



vendsum, Linn. Rattlesnake Weed. Stem l-'.i ft. 

 high, slender, smooth or nearly so: Ivs. 1-4 in. long, 

 obovate to spatulate, subsessile : fls. ^-*-' i in. wide, 

 bright yellow. Aug., Sept. Dry woods, I\Ie. to Ga. and 

 west to Man. and Neb. O. IIJ,'!. — A common plant in 

 woods. Advertised by one dealer in native plants. 

 i>n. Lvs. mostly spatulate to oblong, green-veined. 



aurantlacum, Linn. Orange Hawkweed. Stem (> in. 

 to 2 ft. high, slender, somewhat hairy: heads ^^-1 in. 

 across, short-stalked, orange to orange-red. June-Oct. 

 Nat. from Eu. by roadsides and in fields, Ont. to Pa.— 

 A bad weed if allowed to spread. It Is worthy of being 

 established in high and dry parts of a rockery, where 

 few other plants can grow. 



prae^ltum, Vill. (/7. stolonifernm .Bcs'^.) . Plants usu- 

 ally spreading very rapidly by stolons : stem 2-3 ft. high, 

 slender, glaucous, hairy at base; basal lvs. entire: 

 heads %m. across, in an open cyme, bright yellow. 

 June-Sept. Nat. from Eu. along roadsides in N. Y. ; 

 sometimes troublesome in cult. land. 



aa. Flowering stem Jeafi/, at least below. 

 B. Stem branchinji front the ba.^r. 



ramdsum, Waklst. & Kit. Lvs. ovate to lanceolate, 

 narrowed at the base, toothed, hairy on margin and 

 beneath; lower lvs. petioled, upper ones subsessile. 

 July-Sept. Eu. 



nivale, Proel. White Hawkweed. Differs from B. 

 ramositm chiefly in having white fls. and glaucous, some- 

 what leathery lvs., which are not hairy on the margin. 

 A white Hawkweed is advertised and, according to Uray, 

 this is the only white-fld. species in the genus. Tyrolesp 

 Alps. 



bB. Strm unbra nehrd b(-l<nv. 

 c. Whole plant silky-villo^r. 



viUdsum, Jacq. Shaggv Hawkweed. Stem 1-2 ft. 

 high, often 4 ft. under cult.: basal lvs. oblong-lanceo- 

 late to lanceolate, narrowed at the base, finely toothed; 

 stem-lvs. sessile, the upper half clasping: fls. lH-2 in 

 across, Dright golden. June-Aug. Eu. Gn. 40:91)4. — 

 The silvery foliage and showy Hs. of this species make 

 it more desirable for the garden than any other Hiera- 

 cium now in cultivation. It is easily kept from spread- 

 ing. 



cc. Plant smooth or slighlh/ pubescent. 



Canad^nse, Michx. Stem l-o ft. hii^h, slender; lvs. 

 ovate-oblong to lanceolate, acute, serrate, sessile, the 



miM'KASTKr.M 



749 



upper with clasping hiist^; tls. 1 in. across. June-Aug. 

 Dry woods, N. S. to Pa., west to K. C. and Ore. 



Grondvii, Linn. Stem l-.'i ft. high, stiff: lvs. hairy, the 

 upper oval or ol)long, broadly sessile, the lower obovat« 

 to spatulate, narrowed into a short petiole: tls. Vj-i'.j in. 

 wide. Sandy soils, (Jan. to Fla., west to Mo. and La. 



S. W. Fletchek. 



HIER6CHL0E (Greek, hoJ,j grass; in northern Eu- 

 ro[)e it is scattered iiefore churches on saints' days). 

 Also written Bievehloa. Graminew. This genus con- 

 tains the fragrant Vanilla Grass, the sterile shoots of 

 which are woven by the North American Indians into 

 small mats, baskets aud boxes. These retain their fra- 

 grance for years. It is a genus of 13 species of aromati<- 

 perennial grasses with creeping rootstocks, flat leaves 

 and contracted or open panicles, found in temperate and 

 frigid zones. The spikelets are 3-fld., only the terminal 

 H. perfect. Vanilla Grass is not a good forage plant, as 

 most animals dislike it. The seed seems to be nowhere 

 obtainable, and only one American dealer advertises 

 plants of it. The odor is like that of the common annual 

 sweet vernal grass, A)ilhoj-ayi.lha)n. odnratam, but is 

 more powerful. Hierochloe is closely allied to Antho- 

 xanthum, but is distinguished by the 3-fld. spikelets and 

 rather loose panicles, Anthoxanthum having 1-Hd. spike- 

 lets and contracted panicles. 



boreaiis, Roem. <t Schult. {B. odorcita, Wahl.). Va- 

 nilla Gkass. Holy Grass. Seneca Grass Swekt- 

 SCENTED Grass. Rather slender, smooth, ]-2 ft. high: 

 Ivs. short: panicle brownish, spreading, 2-4 in. long. 

 June, Julv. Eu., N. Amer. B.B. 1:1:12. 



(4. T. Hastings. 



HIGGtNSIA. Stee B.dfnmnnia. 



HIMANT0GL6SSUM. All included in Orrhls. 



HIPPEASTRUM [hnighl or horse and star, from some 

 fancied resemblance in H. eqnestre, perhaps of the 

 HQuitant lvs. and the star-shaped corolla-opening). 

 AmarifUiddceo'. Includes Babranthus. From 40 to SO 

 tropical American bulbous plants, now much hybridized. 

 Closely allied genera are Amaryllis, Orinum, Sprekelia, 

 Brunsvigia, Zephyranthes, Lycoris, Sternbergia, Val- 

 lota, which see. The Hs. are large and showj", two to 

 several being borne on a stout, hollow, lealiess scape; 

 perianth tube evident, often long, dilated in the throat; 

 segments erect-spreading, nearly or quite equal; fila- 

 ments (ii) distinct, often with small scales between. 



The Hippeastrums are usually known in gardens 

 under the general name of Amaryllis; aud their culture 

 is given in full under that name. Many of them are 

 noble garden plants, but the high price of the l)ulbs 

 prevents them from becoming popular, although they 

 may be grown easily from seeds. Most of the species 

 were first described in the genus Amaryllis, but that 

 genus differs in its solid scape and al>sence of scales 

 between the filaments. 



Very many of the names in trade catalogues are of 

 horticultural forms; and many of them cannot be re- 

 ferred positively to any of the original species. For the 

 Belladonna Lily, see Amaryllis: for Atamasco Lily, see 

 Zephyranthes; for Josephine Lily, see Brunsvigia . For 

 Ainavyllis airrra, see Lycoris; for A. Candida, see 

 Zephyro nlh< s: for A. formossissima, see Sprekelia; 

 for A. giii(rnl>'if,^ee Brunsvigia; for A. longifolia, see 

 Crin}im: for^l. latea, see Sternbergia; for ^4. JYerine, 

 see jYerine; for A. orirntalis, see Brunsvigia ; for A. 

 ornata, see Crinum; for A. speriosa or purpurea, see 

 Valloia. Latin-form names which do not appear in the 

 following account are very likely to be horticultural 

 forms. 



INIiEX, 



Ai'kermanni, :', 

 ;i.eiiminatnm, 12 

 Albert! 0. 

 aiilii.'imi, 2. 

 ritriuum, 12, 

 erocatuni, 12. 

 equestre, 6. 

 t'ulgiduin. 6. 12. 

 ignescens. 6. 

 .Jolinsoiii. 14. 

 Leopoldi, H'. 



major, 6. 

 .Maraneusi.'^, x, 

 miniatum, Vl. 

 piirdiuum, 5. 

 platypetala, -. 

 procerura, 11. 

 psittai'iiuim, 4. 

 pidi-lierriniuui, 



reticulatum, 7. 

 Rcezli, 6. 

 rutUum, 12. 

 solandriiioruTn, 1. 

 spathaceum. *3. 

 splemlpiis, 6. 

 strlatiffilium, 7. 

 stylosnm, 8. 



piilvernlentuDi, VI. suljl>arbatnm, VI. 

 pvrrni'lironra, 6. vittatuni. \?>. 



KcgiiKP, 11. Walter!, fi. 



