.TL'H.EA 



sheatlis: Ivs. terniiiial, piimatisect; segments spread- 

 ing, liuear-lanceoliite, rigul ; margins recurved; raoliis 

 laterally compressed, con vex on the back, acute beneath; 

 sheath short, open. Allied genera in cult, are Attalea', 

 t'ocos, Maxiniiliaua and Scheelea, which are distin- 

 guished chierty by the staminate Hs. In Jubn'a the 

 petals are lanceolate: stamens numerous, included, the 

 anther cells connate: fr. 1-seedcd. In Attalea the petals 

 are lanceolate: stamens 111-24, included, anther cells con- 

 nate: fr. 2-G-seeded. For distinctions from other genera 

 consult, also, Gocos. Miij-iiniliana and Hcheelca. 



spectAbilis, HBK. Height 40-60 ft. : Ivs. 0-12 (t 

 lomr. G.C. 11. 18:401; III. 18:,iU;. Gn. u, p. IIJ. V.S:340. 

 — The southerinnost American ptdni. 



W. II. T.vm.iN and W. M. 

 JUDAS TREE. (.Vrii». 



JUGLANS (ancient Latin name from Jovi^ glans, nut 

 of Jupiter). Jurjlandclceii . Walnut. Butternut. Or- 

 namental and fruit-bearing trees, rarely shrubs, with 

 deciduous, alternate, odd-pinnate Ivs., and with incon- 

 s|>icuous greenish tls., appearing with the Ivs., the 

 staminate in pendulous slender catkins, the pistillate in 

 tew- to many Hd. racemes: the fr. a large drupe, con- 

 taining an edible nut. Most of the species are hardy, 

 and are very valuable park trees, with a massive, 

 straight trunk, and a light and airy broad top, the best 

 being probably J. nigra, one of the noblest trees of the 

 American forest. .7. rrgia, J. Cnlifornira and the Blexi- 



JUGLA,\8 



845 



Leaf of Juslans nigra i,A ' 



oau species are tender in the North. Thon2:h many 

 fungi and insects pre.y ou the "Walnut, none of them do 

 very serious damage, the worst being, perhaps, the hick- 

 ory-borer. The wood of the Walnut, which is easily 

 worked and susceptible of receiving a beautiful polish, 

 is much used for cabinet-making and the interior finish 

 of houses, especially that oi J . nigra and ?r;;/t7, which 

 is heavy, strong and" durable, and of dark brown color, 

 while thatof J", cinerea and Sieboldi-nui is lisht and soft. 

 The husks of the nuts are sometimes used for dyeing 

 yellow, and the bark for tanning leatber. The husk of 



,/. rhu'rea has some medicinal properties. Tlie nuts of 



all species are edible, and are an article of cominerL-ial 

 iniportance, especially those of the European Walnut, 

 whirh are the best. This species is extensively gr^wn 



1194. Pistillate flowers of Juglans cincrea. 

 Natural size. 



in the warmer parts of Eiirope, in California and in the 

 east from Pennsylvania to Georgia. The nuts of the 

 native species are also sold ou the market, but mostly 

 gathered in the woods, though a number of improved 

 varieties are in cultivation. J . SiehoUliaua and J cordi- 

 /"or»)/s,with nuts superior to those of the native species, 

 will probably become valuable nut trees where J . reijia 

 is too tender; the nuts of both are much valued in 

 -lapan. The Walnut grows best in moderately moist, 

 rich soil, but ./. cinerea is more moisture-b)ving and 

 J. regid prefers well-drained hillsides. They are not 

 easily transplanted when older, and tlierefore the nuts 

 are often planted wtiere the trees are to stand, but tbey 

 Tnay lie safely transplanted wiien 2 or H years old, or 

 even later when they have been transplanted in the 

 nursery. Prop, by seeds, which should be stratified and 

 not allowed to become dry, A light, sandy soil is to be 

 preferred, as the young plants produce more fibrous 

 roots, while in stiff soil tbey are liable to make a long 

 taproot. The young seedlings are transplanted when 

 about 2 years old; sometimes the ta])root is cut by a 

 long knife. Varieties are often ;,M"afted on potted stoek 

 in the greenhouse in early spring or are budded in sum- 

 mer, either shield- or flute-budding being employed; 

 even top-grafting of old trees is sometimes practiced. 

 About 10 species in X. Amer., sr.iith to 3Iex. and from 

 S. E. Europe to E. Asia. Trees, rarely large shrubs: the 

 stoutbrancnes with laminare 

 pith : Ivs.'n-ithout stipules, 

 of aromatic fragrance when 

 bruised: staminate fis. with 

 a 2-5dobed perianth and 

 fi-30 stamens, in slender cat- 

 kins ; pistillate fix. in few- 

 to many-fid. racemes: ovary 

 inferior, 1-celled, with 4 

 ealys: lobes and included in 

 a 3-lob(-d involucre : fr. a 

 large drupe with a thick, in- 

 dehiscent husk ; nut 2- or 4- 

 oelled at the ba^e, iudehis- 

 ceut or separating at last 

 into 2 valves. For culture 

 and furt)ier information, see 

 U. S. Dept. of Agric. Nut 

 Tulture in the U. S.. quott-1 

 below as V. S. N. C ; see, 

 also, \]'abint. 



Juglans Mandschurica. 

 Niitural vi^,:.. 



A, Fr. glabro'i.'' or finehi pn?ie.^cent: unt 4-'-,'lhd of 

 the hiise. 

 B. Lfts. 5-hj, almost entire. 

 r6gia, Linn. Persian or Exoltsh Walxi't. Round- 

 headed tree, to 70 ft. : Ivs. oblong or obbmg-uvate, ai-iite 



