JUG LANS 



cordif6rmi3, Maxim. Fig. 1199. In habit and foliage 

 very near to tlie preceding, but Ivs. less pubescent, and 

 nutvery different, heart-shaped, much llattened, sharply 

 2-edp:ed and with a shallow longitudinal groove in the 

 middle of the flat sides, smooth and rather thin-shelled. 

 Japan. U.S.N.C. 7, p. 6. 



JUNIPEKL'S 



847 



1199. Juglans cordiformis. Natural size. 



intermedia, Carr. {J. n)gra x regia). Hybrid of par- 

 den origin of which two forms have been described. 

 Vfir. pyrifbrmis, Carr., with a fr. more resembling that 

 of J. regia. R.H. 1863, p. 30. Var. Vilmorini^na, Carr., 

 with a fr. more like that ot J. nigra. G.P. 4:52-53. 

 Probably also J. regia gihbosa, Carr., with a lari2:e, thick- 

 shelled, deeply nigose nut, belongs here. R.H. 18G1, p. 

 428. On. 5(1, p. 478. Another not uncommon hybrid is J. 

 quadrangulata, Carr. {J. clncrea x regia. J. alaiu , 

 Hort.), of wliich large trees are known as well in this 

 country as in Europe. G.F. 7:435. R.H. 1870, p. 494. 

 Hybrids between J. CaUfoniica and J, regia and be- 

 tween J. CiiUforuica and J. nigra have been raised by 

 Luther Burbank, and a hybrid of J. einerea and nigra 

 has been reported from Germany as J. cinerea-'iiigra . 

 lender. Alfred Rehder. 



JUJUBE. ZizyphiiH Jujuha. 



JUNCUS (classical name, "to join"). Jmicdceo'. 

 RosHES. Grass-like plants growing in wet or rarely in 

 dry places, and sending up from the rootstock numer- 

 ous cylindrical, strict, commonly unbraiiched steins, 

 which bear a terminal cyme of greeuish flowers: Ivs. 

 grass-like, terete or flat: perianth of (3 rigid, chaffy 

 parts: stamens short, either 3orG: capsule 3-eelled or 

 rarely 1-celled, many-seeded. Rushes differ from the 

 true grasses and sedges in having a true perianth and a 

 many-seeded pod. The genus includes a host of species 

 distributed throughout the temperate regions, but only 

 the following are in the American trade, and are used 

 forplantingin bogs and around aquaticgardens. Rushes 

 are sold by dealers in native and aquatic plants. The 

 kind used in making mats in Japan is procurable from 

 dealers in Japanese plants. 



effftsus, Linn. {J. communis, Hort.). Common Rush. 

 Fig. 1200. Stem soft, 1-4 ft. high, not leaf-bearing: 

 cyme diffuse, 1-2 in. long, appearing lateral : sepals 

 acute, equaling the short, refuse and pointless greeniish 

 brown capsule: stamens 3: seeds small, not tailed. 

 North temperate zone. Used also for weaving into mats, 

 etc. Var. cong"6stus. Hoi't. Cyme dense and capitate. 

 Var. vittEltus, Buch. {J. effusu^, var. aureo-stridtus, 

 Hort. J. congJomerd.t}(s variegdfua, Hort.). Foliage 

 striped with yellow. Var. spiralis, Hort. A curious 

 form with stems spirally twisted like a corkscrew. 



conglomeratus, Linn. Very similar to the above: 

 cymes congested and capitate, appearing lateral: cap- 

 sule obovoid, obtuse or refuse, apiculate. North temp. 

 regions. Differs mainly in the apiculate capsule. Prob- 

 ably much of the trade material named this to be re- 

 ferred to congested forms of J. effiisus. 



J. zebrlnus, Hort. 

 nus. 



' Scirpus Tabernfemontaniis, var. zebri- 



K. M. WiEGAND. 



JUNEBEEEY. AmeJanchier, 



JUNfPEEUS (ancient Latin name}. Coniferce. Juni- 

 per. Ornamental evergreen trees and shrubs with oppo- 

 site or whorled, needle-shaped or scale-like Ivs. often 

 on the same tree, and with inconspicuous small fls.: fr. 



54 



a berry -like small cone, usually globose. Many of the 

 species are hardy North, as J. Vlrginiana, coinnniins. 

 rigida, Sabina, Chinensis, Psendo-sabina, spharica, 

 Davurica, recurt-a var. s qua mat a ; others are half- 

 hardy, as ./. Oxycedvus, macrocarpa, recurva, ejceJsa, 

 occidenialis, while some, as J. procera, Bermudiana , 

 tJinrifera and the Mexican species, can only 

 be grown South. All are valuable ornamen- 

 tal plants, and the erect-growing species. 

 mostly of pyramidal or columnar habit, are 

 decorative as single specimens on the lawn or 

 if planted in groups. Some varieties form a 

 very narrow column, and are valuable for 

 formal gardens; the columnar form of J. 

 Virginiana is a good substitute in the North 

 for the classical cypress. The low Junipers, 

 as J. conuHunis var. nana, tSabina , and re- 

 r.arva var. .•^quaiitata , are well adapted for 

 covering rocky slopes or sandy banks. The 

 close-grained, fragrant wood is much used for 

 the interior tnnish of houses and in the manu- 

 facture of small articles, also for posts, since 

 it is very durable in the soil; thatof J. Virginiava and 

 Bermudiana is in great demand for pencil-making. The 

 fruits and also the young branchlets of some species 

 contain an aromatic oil used in medicine. The fruit of 

 J . drtipacea is edible. The Junipers thrive best in sandy 

 and loamy, moderately moist soil, but grow well even 

 in rather dry, rocky and gravelly ground. They prefer 

 sunny, open situations. They are well adapted for 

 hedges and for planting as shelter or wind-breaks ; 

 also for seaside planting. Prop, by seeds, which ger- 



120O. Common Rush, Juncus effusus. 



The flower-clu.'^ter, a, is natural size. The sinfcli? 



liower, h, is enlarged. 



minate usually the second and sometimes the third 

 year, or by cuttings of nearly ripened wood in fall un- 

 der glass, either outdoors or in the greenhouse. As a 

 rule, those with needle-shaped Ivs. root much easier 



