JUNIPERUS 



branchlets slender: Ivs. acicuUir and spreading or scale- 

 like, imbricate, rhombic, obtuse, opposite, often bluisli 

 G:reen : fr. ^{i-% in. across, shining, with 3-0 seeds. 8. 

 Eu.,N. Afr. 



8. Caliibrnica, Carr. Fig. 1202. Pyramidal tree, to -iO 

 ft,, or shrub with many erect branches: branchlets 

 rather stout: Ivs. usually in 3's, imbricate, rhombic, ob- 

 tuse, thick, yellowish green, with conspicuous gh^nd, 

 only on vigorous branches acicular: fr. 3^4-'3 in. loug, 

 with bluish bloom and with 3-2 large seeds. Calif. S.S. 

 10:517. R.H. 1854, p. 353. 



UD. Color of fr. bluish black or hliw, with jiiic>j, 

 resinous flusJi. 

 K. Imbricate Ivs. usually in 3's, tninutchj denticuhite. 

 0. occident^lis, Hook. Tree, to 40 feet, rarely to GO 

 ft., with spreading branches forming a broad, low head, 

 or shrub with several upright stems: brauuhlets stout 

 and thick, imbricate, ovate, acute, grayish green, rarely 

 acicular: fr. subglobose or ovoid, ^4-';iiTi. long, with 

 2-3 seeds. Washington to Calif. S.8. 10:521. 



EE. Imbricate Ivs. opposite, eniirr or iienrlij so. 



F. Seeds of fr. J-O. 



<i. Shape of imbricate Ivs. acute: branchlets slender. 



10. exc^lsa, Bieb. Tree, to CO feet, with pyramidal 

 head and upright or spreading branches: Ivs. ovate, 

 spreading, in 3's, on the lower branches, but mostly 

 opposite, rhombic, bluish green: fr. bluish black, 

 bloomy, globular, about 5ij in. across, with 3-0 seeds. 

 Greece, W. Asia to Himal. Gt. 40, p. 209. Var. stricta, 

 Hort. Of upright, columnar habit, with very glaucous 

 foliage. Var. veniista, Hort., seems hardly ditferent 

 from the former. 



11. procera, Hochst. Tree, to 100 or 150 ft., similar to 

 the preceding : Ivs. in 3's, or opposite, lanceolate and 



JCNIPERUS 



849 



1202. Jjniperus Californica {X%). 



spreading or loosely appressed and ovate-lanceolate : 

 fr. globose, small, about >4in. across, 2-3-seeded. Mts. 

 of E. Afr. — Probably the tallest species of the genus. 



GG. Shape of imbricate Ivs. obtuse. 



12. Cliin6nsis, Linn, Tree, to 60 ft., or shrub, some- 

 times procumbent : branches rather slender: Ivs. oppo- 

 site or whorled, linear, pointed and spreading, with a 

 white band above or scale-like, appressed, rhombic, ob- 

 tuse: fr. globular, brownish violet, bloomy, one-fifth to 



^3 in. across, with 2 or 3 seeds. Himal., China, Japan. 

 S.Z. 120, 127. — Very variable in habit: the stamiuate 

 plant usually forms a much-branched, upright, pyra- 

 midal bush, often almost columnar, while the pistillate 

 has slender, spreading branches. They are therefore 

 often distinguished us var. mascula and var f emina ( var. 

 Keevesi, Hort.). The tii-st one is the most desirable as 

 an ornamental plant. Var. argenteo-varieg^ta, Hort. 

 Dwarf, dense form, with dimorph Ivs.; tips of bruuch- 

 lets mostly white. Var. aiirea, Hort. (var. ntdscula 

 uitrea, Hort.). Upright form, with the young branch- 

 lets golden yellow, the color becoming more brilliant in 

 the full sun. Var. pendula, Hort. With spreading 

 branches, pendulous at the extremitii.'S. Var. pyra- 

 midalis, Carr. Narrow, pyramidal form, with bluish 

 green, mostly needle-shaped foliage. Var. procumbenB, 

 Endl. {J. jrroeuinlu'Ds, yieb. J. Japoiiica, Carr.). 

 Dense, low shrub with spreading, sometimes procum- 

 bent branches and mostly acicular Ivs. in whorls, with 

 two white lines above, longer and stouter than in the 

 type. S.Z. 127, fig. 3. Var. procumbens aiirea, Hort. 

 Branches robust and long, decumbent, with rather few 

 branchlets, young growth golden yellow at first, chang- 

 ing to light green. Var. procumbens alho-variegata, 

 Hort. Rather dense, bluish green form, variegated with 

 white. Var. procumbens aiireo-variegata, Hort. Dwarf, 

 dense form, variegated willi goldeu yellow. 



13. sphaerica, Lindl. (./. Fortanei, Vau Hourte). 

 Similar to the former. Densely branched shrub or tree, 

 to 30 ft., with upright branches: branchlets short, 

 rather thick, quadrangular : Ivs. acicular and whorled, 

 but less rigid than tho.se of the former, or scale-like, 

 rhombic-oblong, somewhat spreading : fr. globular, 

 about ?3iu. across, not bloomy, 3-seeded. N. China. 

 P.F.G. l,p. 59. Var. glauca. (Tord.(r/. Shephardi, Uort.). 

 Dense form, with usually needle-shaped glaucous fo- 

 liage. 



FF. Seeds of fr. 1-3, small, Ic-l-j) ifi- across. 



14. Virgini^na, Linn. Red Cedar. Savin. Fig. 120:!. 

 Tree, to 100 ft., with conical head and spreading or up- 

 right branches: Ivs. acicular, spiny-pointed, spreading 

 or scale-like, rhombic, acute or subacute, imbricate, 

 very small: fr. brownish violet, bloomy, globular or 

 ovoid. Canada to Fla., east of the Rocky Mts. S.S. 

 10:524. G.P. 8:05; 10:145.— A very variable species. 

 Some of the most important varieties are the following: 

 \'ar. albo-variegata, Hurt. Branchlets variegated with 

 wtiite. Var. aureo-variegata, Hort. With golden yellow 

 variegation. Var. Barbadensis, Gord. (var. grdeilis, 

 Sarg. Var. Bedfordidna , Veitch. J. Bermadiana, 

 Hort., not Linn.). Tree, with slender, spreading 

 branches, pendulous at the extremities : Ivs. bri^'ht 

 greeu, spiny-pointed, mostly needle-shaped on the cult, 

 plants. Gulf states, Jamaica, Barbadoes. Tender. Var. 

 dumosa, Carr. Dense shrul>, forming a rounded pyra- 

 mid, with mostly needle-shaped, bright green Ivs. Var. 

 elegantissima, Hort. Tips of young branchlets golden 

 yellow. Var. g"laiica, Carr. Vigorous-growing form, 

 with glaucous foliage. Var. p6ndula, Carr. With spread- 

 ing limbs and slender, pendulous branches: Ivs. usu- 

 ally scale-like. Var. pyramidalis, Carr. Dense, colum- 

 nar form, with the foliage glaucous (var. purainiddlis 

 gJaiica) or bright green (var. pi/rannddtis viridis). 

 Var. r^ptans, Beissn. Low shrub, with horizontally 

 spreading, procumbent branches and slender, curving 

 branchlets: bright green. M.D.G. 1896:290. Probat>ly 

 the same as var. horizontalis, Arb. Kew. Var. Sch.6tti, 

 Hort. A dwarfish, dense, pyramidal form, with bright 

 green and rather light foliage. Var. tripartita, Hort. 

 A dwarf, spreading form, densely branched, with acicu- 

 lar, glaucous Ivs. — The dwarf forms are often very simi- 

 lar to J. Sabina and hard to distinguish without frs. 

 except by the strong, disagreeable odor of the bruised 

 branchlets of the latter. 



15. scopnldnim, Sarg. Closely allied to the precedinj;, 

 but considered by the author as a distinct species, 

 chiefly distinguished by the somewhat larger fr., ripcD- 

 ing not until the second year; by its habit, forming a 

 broad head with stout, spreading branches and often 

 dividing into several stems near the base, and by its 

 shredding bark. The branchlets are somewhat sliorter 

 and stouter, and the foliage usually glaucous or yellow- 



