930 



LIPPIA 



soil no matter how poor, rapidly covers the ground, 

 smotlicrs weeds, stan<ls trampling, requires much less 

 water than grass, needs no mowing, can be easily taken 

 out if desirable, and is used in southern Europe for 

 tennis grounds. Voss pictures this plant with au erect 

 and tufted habit, and refers it, together with L. canes- 

 cens, to L. nodiftora. These two names were kept dis- 

 tinct by Schauer in DeCandolle's Prodromus, and speci- 

 mens of Franceschi's plant come nearer to L. canescens 

 than to i. nodifloni. Schauer's distinctions are given 

 below, but there is doubt as to the chief point of differ- 

 ence; viz., whether any of the plants are annual. They 

 all take root at the joints. 



AA. Plant annual. 

 nodifWra, Rich. Stems herbaceous: calyx 2-parted, 

 slightly 2-keeled, keels jjuberulous; the whole corolla a 

 little more than one-twelfth of an inch long. Banks and 

 sandy shores in the torrid zone and warmer parts of 

 the temperate zone. 



A. Plant perennial. 



canescens, Kunth. Stem somewhat woody at the base: 

 calyx 2-toothed, 2-keeled, the keels slightly villous; 

 corolla conspicuously larger thau in related species, 

 rosy, with a yellow throat. S. America, in dry, grassy 

 places. 



citrioddra, Kunth {Alof/siacitriodura, Orteg.). Lemon 

 Verbena. Lvs. in whorls of 3 or 4, lanceolate, short- 

 stalked, glabrous, densely covered beneath with glandu- 

 lar dots: spikes whorled and axillary or collected in 

 terminal panicles, which may be 3 in. long and wide. 

 B. M. 3G7 H'erbena triphylla). Gn.5G:14fiO. G. C. II. 

 11:.301. 



A florist should always have a few Lemon Verbenas. 

 Save a dozen plants in spring, shift them on as required, 

 and in the summer plunge the pots outside. At the 

 approach of frost bring them into the greenhouse, stand 

 them under the lightest and coolest bench, and give 

 them water enougli merely to keep the wood from 

 shriveling. In early February shake the plants out of 

 the pots, shorten the unripened and weak wood, repot 

 in fresh soil, using 4-inch pots, and start the plants 

 into fresh growth in a temperature of 55°. In a few 

 weeks they will be covered with new growths suitable 

 for cuttings. Cuttings root readily in about 3 weeks. 

 The sand of the cutting-bench should be a little warmer 

 than the air. Water tlie sand twice a day, and keep it 

 well soaked. Never allow the cuttings to wilt from sun- 

 shine or dryness. Transfer the cuttings when rooted to 

 2-ineh pots, and in April shift to 3-inch pots, plunging 

 them in a mild hotbed, where by the middle of May, with 

 one pinching, they will have become fine, bushy plants. 

 They need frequent syringing to prevent attacks of red 

 spiJer. -^Vji. Scqtt and W. M. 



LIQUIDAMBAE (a compound of the Latin liquidiis, 

 fluid, and the Arabic amijar, amber, the name given by 

 the Spaniards in America from the fragrant sap which 

 exudes from the tree). Hamanietidarna'. A genus of 

 about 4 species, the one commonly known being the 

 Sweet Gum or Liqnidambar of the middle and southern 

 states, a most interesting tree from its symmetrical 

 head, star-shaped maple-like lustrous lvs., brilliant au- 

 tumnal color, deep furrowed bark and corky winged 

 branches. Its branches are short in proportion, and 

 slender, giving it, when young, a narrow, pyramidal 

 head, which becomes, when old, a narrow, oblong 

 crown. Its foliage in autumn usually assumes a deep 

 crimson. Its corky branches, not a wholly constant 

 character, add to its picturesqueness and lend to its 

 interest in winter. In the southern states, where it fre- 

 quents river bottoms and is one of the njost common 

 trees, it reaches the height of SO ft. or more. Farther 

 north, where it is found on the borders of swamps and 

 is rarer, it reaches the maximttm of 00-70 ft. On drier 

 and higher ground, it remains a small tree. In cultiva- 

 tion it is of moderate growth, thriving both in low, 

 damp places and on higher grounds, reaching a height of 

 30-40 ft. Beautiful at every stage, its habit adapts it to 

 both informal and formal planting, in the latter respect 

 particularly to street and park planting, under which 

 conditions it succeeds well. One of the most valuable 



LIKIODENDRON 



trees in cultivation in the middle and southern states; 

 its lack of hardiness farther north forbids its use there. 

 It is free from insects and diseases, and is said to with- 

 stand salt air. Its resin resembles the liquid storax of 

 the Orient. It is propagated by seeds, which should be 

 stratifled as soon as ripe, many of them lying dormant 

 until the second year. It requires close pruning when 

 transplanted. 



styraciflua, Linn. Sweet Guji. Bilsted. Star- 

 LEAVEU or Red Gi'm. Alligator Tree. A native tree, 

 80-140 ft. high: lvs. simple, alternate, generally rounded 

 in outline, deeply and palmately 5-7-lobed, serrate, aro- 

 matic, deciduous, glabrous below except a pubescence 

 in the axils of the veins; lobes triangular-ovate, acute; 

 petioles G-7 in. long, slender: fls. apetalous, moncecious, 

 in globular heads, the staminate heads greenish, J^ in. 

 in diameter, in terminal racemes, the pistillate heads 

 solitary, long-peditncled, at length drooping, 1-lXin. in 

 diameter, hanging all w'inter; staminate fls. have no 

 calyx, but numerous stamens intermixed with small 

 scales; pistillate fls. cohere as to their ovaries, forming 

 globular heads which harden in the fruit, having scales 

 for sepals, 4 rudimentary anthers and 2-celled ovaries, 

 1-2-seeded: capsules 2-beaked at the summit, forming 

 together a dense spinose head. March-May. Conn, and 

 southern N. Y. to Fla., 111., Mo. and Mex. G.P. 2:235. 

 P.G. 3:111. G.C. II. 14:033. Mn. 4:117. Gn. 24, pp. 166, 

 107 and 38, p. 208. 



L. orientalis,'M\\\. (L. imherbis, Ait.). A tree of AsiaMinor, 

 Very similar to L. styracitiua and dltferiiig iu that the lvs. are 

 smooth in the axils of the veins. _^_ PHELPS Wyuan. 



LIftUOEICE. See Glycijrrhisa. 



LIKIODfiNDEON {Urion, lily, and dendron, tree; re- 

 ferring to the shape of the flowers). Maynoli&cece. 

 Tulip Tree. WnrrEwooD. Yellow Poplar. Hardy 

 ornamental, deciduous tree of pyramidal habit, with al- 

 ternate, long-petioled, rather large lvs. of unusual shape, 

 and large tulip-like greenish yellow fls. appearing in 

 spring. A very beautiful tree for park-planting and for 

 avenues, with handsome, clean foliage of rather light 

 bluish green appearance, rarely attacked by insects or 

 fungi, assuming iu fall a brilliant yellow color; the fls., 

 though of not very showy color, are conspicuous by their 

 size and shape. The Tulip Tree is also an Important 

 forest tree, and the soft, tine-grained, light yellow wood 

 is muchttsed in carpentry for furniture, boat -building and 

 the manufacture of small articles ; it does not split easily 

 but is readily worked and bent to any required shape. The 

 inner bark is said to have medical properties. The Tulip 

 Tree grows best in deep, rich and somewhat moist soil. 

 Transplanting is not easy; it is best done in spring, 

 just before the tree starts into new growth. Prop, by 

 seeds sown in fall or stratifled and sown in spring; va- 

 rieties are usually grafted or budded on seedling stock, 

 rarely prop, by layers. The seeds are sometimes hol- 

 low, especially those grown along the eastern limit of 

 the species. One species in N.America from R.I. and 

 Vt. to Wis., south to Fla. and Miss.; also occurring in 

 China. Lvs. with conspicuous deciduous stipules co- 

 hering when young and inclosing the next leaf: fls. 

 terminal, solitary, with 3 spreading sepals and 6 erect, 

 broadly ovate petals; stamens numerous, with long and 

 linear anthers; pistils luimerous, forming a narrow 

 column, developing into a light brown cone, at maturity 

 the carpels, each consisting of a long, narrow wing with 

 a 1-2-seeded mitlet at the base, separate from the slen- 

 der spindle. The Liriodendron is one of the noblest 

 trees of the American forest. 



TulipiJera, Linn. Fig. 1302. Tall tree, to 150, rarely 

 to 100 ft., with a trunk to 10 ft. in diam., often destitute 

 of branches for a considerable height, glabrous: lvs. 

 about as broad as long, with 2 lobes at the truncate and 

 notched apex and 2-4 lobes at the base, bluish green 

 above, pale or glaucous beneath, 5-Gin. long: fls. grein- 

 ish yellow, marked orange within .at the base, lK-2 in. 

 long. May, .June. S.S. 1:13. Em. 2:005. B.M.275. Gng. 

 7:259. A. Ci. 1892:485. Mn. 2, p. 4; G, p. 145. Gn. 34, p. 

 42. V. 20:86. -Var. pyramidjlle, Lav. (var. fastigidtiim, 

 Hort.). With n|n-ight branches, forming a narrow pyr- 

 amid. Var. integriMium, Kirchn. Lvs. rounded at the 



