932 



LISTERA 



LITHR^A 



cordita. Very slender, 3-10 in. lii^h : Ivs. cordate- 

 ovate, niucronate: raceme 1-2 in. long, with 4-20 minute 

 purplish tls. June-Auy;. In moist woods, Nova Scotia 

 to Alaska and Ore., south to N.J. ; Eu. B.B.I: 473. 

 Heinkich Hasselbking. 

 LITHOSPfiRMUM (Greek, rock seed; the seeds like 

 little stones). JJorragindcece. This includes a few low- 

 growing hardy herbaceous perennials of minor impor- 

 tance. The best known is L. 

 (^y, prostratum, a rock -garden 



'^ .y71/^\y^Jf\ trailer, which bears numer- 



ous leafy spikes of blue fls., 

 each about % in. across, from 

 early summer to autumn. 



1303. Puccoon. — 

 Lithospcrmum canescens {X /^). 



1304. Lithospermum 

 angustifolium. Nat. size. 



The common Gromwell, JO. officivaJe, is rarely cult, as 

 a medicinal iierb. The rest are procurable froju dealers 

 in native plants. Seeds of the Gromweil and the western 

 species are procurable, and plants of tlie other kinds. 

 L. prostrafuni is said to be prop, only by cuttings of the 

 previous year's wood; L. mull if I or urn. by cuttings of 

 young shoots. The kinds with red roots yield a dye. 



Jjithospermum has about 40 species in extra-tropical 

 regions: herbs or subshrubs, rough, silky, or bristly: 

 Ivs. alternate: Hs. wliite, yellow, liluish or violet; calyx 

 5-parted; corolla funnel- or salver-shaped, 5-lobed; sta- 

 mens 5, fixed to the tube: ovary 4-lobed. 



A. Color of fls. blue or purpUsli. 

 B. Habit trailing: tithe of corolla densely hairy , thrice 

 as loiifj as the calyx. 

 prostr^tum, Lois. Gentian Blue Gromwell. Sub- 

 shrub: Ivs. lanceolate-linear, margin somewhat revolute: 

 tube of corolla pubescent outside, densely villous at 

 apex. S. Eu. This is presumably the plant in the trade, 

 since L. prostratum, Buckl., is a white-fid. annual 

 pioperly called X-. Matamorense. However, L. prostra- 

 tain, Lois., is referred bj^ Index Kewensis to L. friiti- 

 co^!n», which see. Gn. 45, p. 135. J. H. III. 32:475. 



BB. Uahit erect: tithe of corolla not hairy. 

 fruticosum, Linn. Distinguished as above by DeCau- 

 doUe, and apparently more of a shrub, with the leaf 

 margins decidedly revolute. S. Eu. — Not cult. 



AA. Color of fls. 2')(i}e yellow, yellow or orange. 



B. Size of fls. small ; tube about as long as the calyx : 



roots not red. 



C. Inflorescence sparse: throat of corolla crested tvilh 



appendages. 

 oHicinale, Linn. Gromwelb. Much branched, 2-3 ft. 

 high : Ivs. lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 2 in. or less 

 long: fls. dull white. Along N. E. roadsides, but natu- 

 ralized from Eu. 



CO. Inflorescence dense: throat of corolla nearly devoid 

 of appendages. 

 pildaum, Nutt. Mostly unbranched, 1 ft. high: Ivs, 

 linear and linear-lanceolate, 2-4 in. long: fls. dull green- 

 ish yellow, crowded in a leafy tbyrse. Western N. 

 Amer. 



BB. Sise of fls. large, slion-y : tube of corolla much 



longer titan the ealyx: roots red, long and deep. 

 0. Floral leaves reduced to bracts no longer than the 

 calyx. 

 inultifl6rum, Torr. Height 1-2 ft.: Ivs. linear: fls. 

 light yellow, spicate. Rocky Mts. to W. Tex. 



cc. Floral leaves much longer than the calyx. 



D. Tube of corolla K-~ times as long as the calyx: 

 crests of throat Utile If at alt projecting or arching, 



E. Fls. nearly without pedicels: glandular ring at the 



base naked. 

 can6scens, Lebm. Puccoon, of the Indians. Red 

 Root. Indian Paint. Fig. ]303. Height 9-12 in. or 

 more: fls. orange. Plains and open woods, in sandy 

 soil, upper Canada to Ala., west to Ariz. B.M. 4389. 



EE. Fls. mostly pedicelled : glandular ring at bai^e 

 within hearing 10 very hirsute lobes or teeth. 

 Mrtum, Lehm. Height 1-2 ft.: fls. hright orange. 

 Pine barrens, Mich, to Fla. and Colo. 



DD. Tube of corolla 2-i times as long as the calyx- 

 creats of the throat conspicuous and arching. 

 angustifolium, Michx. Fig. 1304. Height 9-12 in. or 

 more: Ivs. all linear: fls. of 2 sorts, the earlier and con- 

 spicuous kind bright yellow, with corolla tube 1 in. or 

 so long, later ones and those of the more diffusely 

 branching plants with inconspicuous pale corolla, with- 

 out crests in the throat and probably cleistogenous. 

 Apparently all grades between early large fls. and late 

 small ones. Prairies. T). M. Andrews says it has pale 

 cream fls. Var. longiflbrum {L. longifldriini.'Bort., D.M. 

 Andrews} is said to grow 1 ft. high, with larger, pale 

 lemon fls. and comes true from seed. Grows wild in 

 Colo. W. M. 



LITT^^A. See Ago re. 



LITHRffiA (Chilean name). Anacardidcerr. A genus 

 of small tSouth American trees related to Rhus, and by 

 l-lentham and Hooker included in that genus. The plant 

 fiilt. by some under this name seems not to be true to 

 name, as it is a tree witii undivided Ivs., while the true 

 plant is as hrub with 1-3 pairs of Ifts. and odd pinnate. 

 D.C Mon. Phan. vol. 4. 



Aroeirlnha, March. {L. molleo)des, Engl.). Shrub. 

 9-12 ft. high: Ivs. of 5 lanceolate Ifts., the rachis and 



