LITHR.EA 



LIVISTONA 



933 



petiole narrow-winged ; Ifts. 2-3 in. long, glabrous, 

 with smull panicles of y:roenish yellow tls. and almu.st 

 wliito drupes l-'J lines in diam. Brazil. 



J. B. S. Norton. 



LITTdNIA (Dr. Samuel Litton, professor of botany 

 in Royal Dublin .Society). LUiitce<e. Littonia and 

 Gloriosa are called Climbing Lilies. They are tender, 

 tuberous plants, with glossy, lanceolate Ivs. which curl 

 at the tips into tendrils, enabling the plants to reach 

 G-8 ft. The lis. are G-parted, but in Littonia the seg- 

 ments are not reflesed like a Cyclamen, as in Gloriosa. 

 Fls. nodding, bell-shaped, orange, 1 in. or more across; 

 segments obUmg, acuminate, 1^^ in. long: capsule long, 

 3-celled; seeds scarlet, about the size of a sweet pea, 

 round, arranged in 2 series. The odd-shaped tubers are 

 about 1% in. across and may 1)0 planted outdoors in i\Iay. 

 There are 4 species, 1 from Arabia, 1 from S. Africa 

 and 2 from tropical Africa. 



mod6sta, Hook. Lower Ivs. in .3's, upper ones alter- 

 nate: perianth segments provided with a small oblong 

 nectary, partially closed by a ciliated scale on each side : 

 style 3-cut. S.Africa. B.M. 4723. Var. Keitli, Hurt., is 

 an improved form, with larger and more abundant Us. 

 John Endicott and "W. M. 



LIVE - FOREVER. Scdnm TcJepJiiuin and other 

 tSedums. 



LIVERLEAF. Hcpatica. 



LIVERWORT. A general name for a group of cryp- 

 togamia (llowerless plants}, somewhat allied t<.i mosses 

 and known as Hepatica?. Conocephalus and i\Iarchantia 

 have been offered by dealers in native plants as suitable 

 for rockwork and t.iog gardens. Lunularia is a connnon 

 weed in greenhouses. 



LIVING ROCK. QoxiswM A)ilialonium. 



LIVISTONA (Patrick Murray, Baron of Livistone). 

 Palmiicca:. About 14 species of fan palms from tropical 

 eastern Asia, Kalaya and Australia. Trunks usually 

 tall, stout, ringed below, clothed above with dead lent'- 

 sheaths: Ivs. spreading, orbicular, plicate, siplit to the 

 middle or below; the segments bifid, infolded. uakL^d or 

 filirous along the margins ; rachis 

 short; ligule small, cordate, free; pe- 

 tiole long, stout, i3at or rounded above, 

 convex below, often spiny along the 

 margins; sheaths margined with re- 

 ticulate fibers : spadices long, at first 

 ascending, pendent in fruit, long- 

 peduncled, loosely branched, the 

 branches slender: spathesnmny, long, 

 tubiilar, compressed, sheathing the 

 peduncle, thick, coriaceous, Itifid or 

 2-lipped, 2-keeIed or ancipital : no 

 bracts or bractlets: fls. greenish: fr. 

 smooth and shining, oblong-globose or 

 ellipsoidal, black, blue, yellow or 

 brown. 



From the seven allied genera men- 

 tioned under Licuala, Livistona is dis- 

 tinguished by the following charac- 

 ters: fls. hermaphrodite: carpels of 

 the ovary globose, distinct or slightly 

 cohering : styles short, distinct or co- 

 hering; albumen not twisted, broadly 

 scooped out on the ventral side : 

 branches of the spadices not bracted 

 or the lower ones bracted. 



' A. l/vs. gJaucous hencatli. 



Jenkinsiana, Griff. Lvs. 5-6 ft. broad, reniform, flabel- 

 late, 70-SO-fid, glaucous beneath, the divisions very nar- 

 row, straight, shortly and obtusely 2 toothed. Assam. 



AA. Lvs. not gJaucous heneatJi. 

 B. Petioles ivithout spines. 



"Woddfordii, Ridley. Petioles slender, without thorns, 

 only J^in. thick : lvs. orbicular, quite thin, 2 ft. long. 

 18 in. wide, split into very narrow acuminate lobes, the 

 lower ones free almost to the base, the inner ones split 



only one-fourth of the way down : spadices very slender, 

 the short slender branches protruding from the mouths 

 of tubular brown sheaths: drupe globose, '% in. in diam., 

 bright red. Polynesia. First described in CC. 111. 

 23:177. — Nearly related to L. anstralis, but more grace- 

 ful, with smallei flowers and fruit, 



BB. Petioles spiny beJow iJie niiihJIe. 

 0. Length of spines '^iin. or less. 



olivaefdrmis, Mart. {Conjplia Geh dncf a, Hovt., in part). 

 Stems medium : lvs. glabrous ; petiole somewhat 3- 

 angled; spines retrorse, 1-3 lines long; segments 12-15 

 in. long, deeply bilobed, the lobes very long, acuminate, 

 linear, pendent, with or without very short filaments: 

 fr. olive-siuiped, solitary, or twin and connate to the 

 middle. Brazil. 



CC. Lcnijih of spines 1 ill. Of ynore. 

 D. Shi-tpe of h's. reniform. 



Chin^nsis, R. Br. {Latchiia BorhSniea, Hort., not 

 Lam.). Stem ft. high, more than 1 ft. thick, gray, with 

 approximate rings : Ivs. many; petiole equaling the 

 blade, covered to about the middle with retrorse brown 

 spines, 1 in. or more long ; blade reniform, 4-G ft. in 

 iliam. ; segments linear - lanceolate, long - pendulous, 

 deeply forked, filiferous, the lower 1-2 fr. long, 1-2 in. 

 wide, the middle 3 ft. long, the lobes acumiuate, 4-8 in. 

 long. China. 



DD. Shape uf lvs, orhieular. 



rotTindifblia, Mart. [CltamXerops Birod, Sieb. C. Bi/r- 

 rho, Hort. ). Stem 40-50 ft. high, 1-1 K ft. in diam., erect 

 or subfiexuous, brownish black, obscurely ringed; petiole 

 G ft., with recurved spines \% in. long at the base; blade 

 3-5 ft. in diam., suborbicular, at length somewhat peltate 

 through reversion of the lowest lul)es; segments (iO-Ol*, 

 connate for one-third their length, bifid to the middle, 

 the lobes long-acuminate. Java. R.B. 21:110. F.R. 

 1:301. S.H.2:28. 



EBB. Petioles spiny from base to apex. 

 E. Seijtneuts of the lvs. free one-third of the way down. 



altiEsima, Zoll. Lvs. bright shining green, lM-2 ft. 

 long; segnjents free one-third of the way down, bifid at 

 the apex; perioh^ 2-G ft., upper part green, brown toward 

 the base, inchjsed in a reddish brown network of woody 



1305. Livistona humilis. 



fibers, armed on the margins with stout black recurved 

 spines. Java. 



EE. Segwents free nearly to the base. 

 F. Position of segments rigid, not drooping. 

 austraiis. Mart. (CorypJia anstrcVis, R. Br.). Stems 

 40-80 ft. hi^-h : lvs. in a dense crown, orbicular 3^ ft. in 

 diam., divided to or below the middle into 40-50 narrow, 

 plicate, acuminate segments, either entire or 2-cleft at 

 the apex. Australia. B.M. G274. Gn.2G,p.337. V. 9:328 



