LOBELIA 



LOGANBERRY 



937 



BBB. Corolla u-ith all the lobes united by (he tips Into 

 one lip. 

 14. Tipa, Linn. (Tupa montdnn, Hort. L. Feuillci, 

 Don). Very strong herb or subshrub (4-7 ft. tall), 

 erect and mostly simple: Ivs. oblong-oval, mostly acu- 

 minate, rugose, tomentose, denticulate: lis. in a long, 

 terminal raceme, blood-red, 1 in. long, the hooded lip 

 curving downwards and the column of stamens ascend- 

 ing; caly.v lobes short. Chile. B.M. 2.i50. B.H. 1898, 

 p. 189. — Cool greenhouse; hardy in .southern states with 

 protection. 



L. artuEiia, Jlichx. ^lurli like L. sypliilitic'o., bnt the oalj'x 

 plain and not bispiil. N.O., south. — L.dnceps Tlmnlj, Peren- 

 nial, blue-flil., with somewhat tlestiy Ivs. and2-winged stem, ,S. 

 Afr. B.M. 2277. as L. deeiimbens, and 2.^19, as L. rliizophyta.— 

 L. coronopifiilla. Linn. Somewhat shrubby, with pinnatiiid, 

 hairy Ivs. and handsome blue tis. (sometimes 1 in. long), on 

 longseanes. S. Afr. B.M.tlU, G.CAl. 15:105. ~L. Dortmdnjia, 

 Linn. Water Lobelia. Aquatic perennial. 1 ft. or less, with 

 Ivs. radical and submerged, and small pale blue tls.on a seape. 

 Useful amongst aciUiatic iilauts. Native.— ij. horteiisis, DC, is a 

 hybrid form of L. amoena, probably not in cult, now, — L.in- 

 flata, Linn, Indian Tobaoou, Annu.al, of N. Amer,. witli 

 ovate, pubescent, denticulate Ivs,, erect habit, and small'blueor 

 whitish tls.: herbage very acrid: pl;int formerly a domestic 

 remedy,— //, snhnnda. Benth, Annujd from Mex,, witli radical 

 iyrate Ivs. and small palo blue tls.on long pedicels, G.C.lll, 

 2:30b L. H. B. 



LOBLOLLY BAY. Gordonia. Lasianthus. 



LOCHfiKIA (probably a personal name). Comprises 

 a few species, which are now referred to Achimenes, 

 In the trade are 2 specie,s, L. IteteropJiylla, Oerst. , or 

 L. ifjn4scens, Klotzsch (see AcJiimenes heteroptiylla , 

 p. 18), and L. hiysitfa, Kegel (see Acltimenes hirsuta, 

 DC, p. IS, .suppl. list). 



LOCO WEED. See Astragalus. 



LOCUST. Common Locust is Rohinia Pscndacacia. 

 Honey L.=GU'ditscliia triacanthus. Swamp or Water 

 L.^tf. aqnulii-a. 



LODEMAN, ERNEST GUSTAVUS (Plate X), horti- 

 cultural investigator and writer, w:is born in Neufchatel, 

 Switzerhiud, May :}, 1857, and died Dec. 2, 1896. when 

 connected with Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. His 

 parent.s came to America when he was two years old, 

 his father becoming, in 1870, professor of modern lan- 

 guages in the State Normal School of Michigan. The 

 son entered the Agricultural College of Michigan, where 

 he graduated iu 1889. It was in tliis institution that the 

 writer made his acquaintance. Jlodest and lacking in 

 self-assertiou, he needetl encouragement and stimulus 

 to make a strong investig:itor and teacher. In a real 

 estate venture in Florida, before hi.s entering the Agri- 

 cultural College, be became interested in agricultural 

 problems :xnd resolved to devote his life to them. In 

 1890 he undertook work as private assistant to the writer; 

 and from this he became assistant and instructor in Cor- 

 nell University. In the extension work amongst New 

 York farmers he had charge of the investigations on 

 grapes and strawberries. He was tlie originator of the 

 spray-calendar idea. In 1896 he published "The Spray- 

 ing of Plants," which is yet the fullest presentation of 

 the subject. This was prepared after a most thorough 

 traversing of the subject, both as author and experi- 

 menter, including a visit to Europe for the purpose of 

 tracing the French history of the subject. He was an 

 accomplished scholar, speaking German and French 

 with fluency and possessing a working knowledge of 

 other languages. His early death deprhed American 

 horticulture of a promising leader. l H, B. 



LODOfCEA. The double cocoanut or coco do mer. as 

 L, Sechellarum (properly L. Cnllipiige, Comra,) has 

 been termed, is one of the giants among palms, its 

 straight and smooth trunk frequently reaching a height 

 of 100 feet, and it is also a centen:rrian before its full 

 growth is attained. The seeds of Lodoicea are probably 

 the largest known, the individu.al nuts being said to 

 weigh sometimes 40 pounds, though the largest seen by 

 the writer weighed about 15 lbs., and bore some resem- 

 blance to a malfonned cocoanut. The formation of such 



gigantic .seeds requires a considerable period of time, 

 and from the time of llowering to the full m;iturity of 

 the seeds is said to cover a period of nearly ten years. 

 The germination of such seeds is not an easy process, 

 requiring much room ami strong hear, the radicle being 

 corresponilingly large and ruiiniug down fur 3 ft. or 

 more before the top growth begins. These first steps 

 in the life of Lodoicea develop some very tender pro- 

 cesses. Young plants of this palm require a strong and 

 moist heat; and a consideraljle amount of root room, in 

 combination with a light l)ut rich compost, is best adapted 

 to their needs. Seeds sometimes require 3 years to ger- 

 minate. They are not advertised for sale at present, but 

 have been sold as curiosities now and then in America. 

 Their germination is a great event, bnt the jilants aro 

 never grown to any considerable height, as they require 

 too ranch care and room. See G.C. II. 20:181 ; 111.4:732; 

 8:417. F,S. .5:.i23, W. H. Taplix. 



LCESfiLIA (.John Lcnsel, an early Prussian botanist). 

 Pnlt'ninniih-cd'. Very (dose to (-lilia, and often con- 

 founded witii it. As finally outlined by Gray (Suppl. 

 Syn. Fl.), it is confined to INIexico ami includes perhaps 

 a dozen species. It somewhat resembles the Ipomopsis 

 section of (.iilia in hal>it. "Fls. involucrate or involucel- 

 late; both bracts and calyx wdiolly or partly scarions; 

 corolla funncdform, cither regular or one or two sinuses 

 deeper; seeds winged or margined, the surface becom- 

 ing mucihigiudus when wetted. Sutfruti^ose, r;irely an- 

 nual, with spinulose-toothed Ivs." 



L, coccinea, Don, is a handsome coolhonse plant with 

 brilliant rose-red tubular-trumpet-shaped fls. an inch long 

 in terminal fascicles or compound bracted racemes, with 

 stamens and 3-lobed stigma exserted: Ivs. small and 

 stiffish, oval or cuneate-oval, sharply and often spinu- 

 lose dentate, grayish green: phint strict, pubescent, 

 woody, perennial. Winter Idoonnu". It does not apipear 

 in Amer. trade lists. L, tenuiSolia, Gray, and L. efSiisa, 

 Gray, of S. C:rlif,, are plilox-like plants offered by Or- 

 ctitt, in 1891. The former. Gray subsequently referred 

 to Gilia tenuifolia, Gray, and the latter to Gitiu Diinnii, 

 Kellogg, L, n. B. 



LOGANBERRY. The Loganberry is a valuable hybrid 

 produced ;it Santa Crnz, California, in 1881, by .Judge 

 J. H, Lo.gan, from a seed of tlie Aughinbangh black- 

 berry, accidentally fertilized from an adjacent rasp- 

 berry, supposed to be the old Red Antwerp. The Augh- 

 inbaugh is a pistillate variety of Mitbus vitifolius, the 

 extremely variable wild bhackberry of California, and 

 was a chance seedling found beneath the oaks of Ala- 

 meda, about 1860. It is a strong-growing, dark green 

 vine of the dewberry type, but with fruit of the true 

 wild blackberry flavor. The Loganberry fruit has many 

 characteristics of both parents. It is a rich, dark re<l 

 color when ripe, and sometimes is an inch and a quarter 

 in length. The plant has been widely disseminateil 

 throughout the United States and Europe since 1893, 

 when the California Experiment St;dion, after five years' 

 testing, first distributed stock. G.F, 7:4C0. 



The Loganberry is propagated from stolons developed 

 in the autumn at the end of the canes, or from single- 

 eye hardwood cuttings. Seedlings are especiidly unre- 

 liable. Plants should be trained upon a wall or trellis, 

 keeping the berries from the ground. Two adj.acent 

 vines at Berkeley, California, cover 12 square yards and 

 yielded four gallons of fruit in 1899, If careful winter 

 protection is given, the plants can be grown in many 

 parts of New England and the middle states, according 

 to Bulletin 4,") of "the Rhode Island Experiment Station 

 and Bulletin 147 of the New York (Geneva) Station. 



The v;due of the Loganberry for the home garden 

 wherever it is sufficiently hardy is generally recognized, 

 but its v.alue as a standard market crop has yet to be 

 determined. It proves difficult to tr.ansport to the Los 

 Angeles and San Francisco markets except when grown 

 •within a short distance, and dealers prefer the standard 

 berries. When it can be gathered near the time o£ 

 greatest perfection and delivered directly to the con- 

 sumer, it becomes a very popular fruit. 



Chas, H, Shinn. 



Tlie Loganberry in the East. -In the East the Logan- 

 berry has not met'the expectations at first entertained for 



