982 MANL'KE MANURE 



other aljsurlients. are usually spoken of as barn Manures. mires wljen spread over the mass from time to time in 

 OoraniercialManuresor "fertilizers" are usually couceu- small qiumtiiies. Tlie quantity and value of Manure 

 trated forms of nitrogen, potash and phosphoric acid, made by domestic animals is not realized by those who 

 mixed or unmixed (see Fvrtil isern) ; green Manures are allow it to be scattered over large, open barnyards or 

 livingplantsplowedundertofurnishhumusandincrease allow it to remain for considerable periods under the 

 productivity; amendments are substances, such as lime, eaves of the barn. Extended experiments at the Cornell 

 which may increase the growth and healthfiilness of Experiment Station showed that the following amounts 

 plants by improving: the physical con of excrements were produced 



ditoin of the soil and by setting free m\- ^t^, daily for each 1,000 pounds of live 



available plant-food. In general farm- ^/J weight of animal: 



ini,', liarn Manures are usually applied in ^ g '^ r~rnsm^ Sheep 34. libs. 



the raw or unrotteil state; in horticul- ^*i ^ ■^ ""^ iT Calves ti7.8 lbs. 



ture, rotted or pi rtialh rrtted Hjrsf ^^ /feS/'''^ ^ ' ^'^'^ S:).6 lbs. 



S l-'f'^SM^^^^r Horses 48.8 lbs. 



^rf»»». "^/^ \i ^ '^ ::S-C*'*^#®1^S^^ "~ ^"^ Animals fed on a highly nitro- 



"^^-^ "i^ ^^xLf' iM^J^ B^^^^^^" ^V geuous or narrow ration las 1:4), 



^B — "W^^ ^%/^* ^)'"~^^^~~— ^ fe r/ ' ^^^.r^"* -'■-'«««k as were the pigs in the above in- 



/f^^"S^\^ il-^S^ "^ ■* " ^\W l\ M-4^ ^ vestigations. consume large 



iM^ ti\\/Sa?^ ^' I ^ " (" '^ -*ffeui mi'^ %*l V^^ quantities of water and produce 



W' ^WJa kUI^'^.^, f Wl Fil m'lV^ a large amount of Manure, the 



f -7^ ^f/% IMy\^^ \ Mi I \- 1 ^'4*4 weight of which often exceeds 



^^^ ^Jrl 5' \^>^/fS \ kJ 7I y ^4.^ ^^^ amount of food consumed; 



/- -^^^^ J / ^^ f ^T^ / ^1 \ ly ^^^ while those fed on a carbonaceous 



^^.t^ \ / -^ ^t^sr<^ Sc'l \# ^ or wide ration (as 1; 9) consume 



-^ v^:j_^-,— i^^^ i\ El ™ soraparatively little water and 



^T^^^^ > V I /% a"^^^?* ? V produce less weight of manure. 



''^ >Sj > T !/ ^"^ f JI'''Si-'^ \ Some conditions affecting the 



/i^-i^\jr\ U '^^'^^ M'^i^^ * rTe/I^^^^^SRSBfe.^ production of Manure and its 



/V'.f 'iF \ Y /-O-" ("^ 1 '*i'>i-Z_f/J^^'\W^^^^^S<ii^ value may be stated as follows: 



{l_J\ \ \ y ^ > I j<^^feM^% "^t^fecfc,. If the plant-food value of Manure 



\/ ^ \ yT L— [ ^ ^jsHfiiL \^^^^- ^^^sflw. '-^ "^ '^^^^^ih. ^'^ computed at the price that is 



\ 1 \ ^ j^^fi^^ ) ^^^^ ^w^^^^^^^i- ^^^h> paid for the same constituents in 



Vt/^X ^ J0 ^^^^ ^feft. ' 1^" "■ ^^^^^s£^[ fertilizers, it is found that the 



^tff^'^l \^ MrH S^m ^^-O ^™«a8KsV^ value of Manure produced by ani- 



I ^^ ^^ '^^ ^m^i^ \ mats is equal to ^0 to .50 per cent 



II ,^^P^ K^y .,-*^^*'\. B ^^ ^^® ^^^^ *^-'- ^''^'^" f'^^'l- Young 

 w j<^^ 5^^ "^^^ \ ^""^ £ animals produce poorer Manure 



^ri^*i>^ ^4^^ I \^ » than mature ones. The excre- 



^^^\ ^ i^^^r I w nients of animals which give a 



"^ As^^' ** *w^^ / V product, as milk or young, are 



-^"^^^t' i'^^^^ I » poorer than those from nou-pro- 



..a^^j^ i^k^^^ V 1 tiuctive animals. The more abim- 



^^^^ ^^^^^^ ^\ J dant the ration the less complete 



^ \^^^^^^^ \. the digestion and the greater the 



j^^^^^^^ \ value of the Manure produced. 



^T^^^ Concentrated an<l nitrogenous 



^ ^^^^i^'^ iT F „ ?KT . ^ Ba ag^ foods result in richer and more 



I ^^^fii**'"'^ >t^ 1369. Manihot. valuable excrements than uncon- 



\,^_„sis*"**^ I The plant whose roots produce tapioca, centrated or carbonaceous foods. 



^==s=bs»- (I (Seep 081) Liberal saltmg and e.xcessively 



«?*^^:5^ '" V- ' - succulent foods diminish the 



value of IManures. The amount 



Manure is used for hotbeds, while cow i\lauure, mixed and kind of bedding affect not only the quantity but 



with soil, is best for forming a nioist, rich, potting the value per ton. Animals kept in cold quarters di-ink 



earth. Dang, the solid voidings of animals, after weath- little water, digest their food closely and produce a Ma- 



ering for a time, is also a valuable addition to potting nure relatively small in amount and poor in quality, 



earth. Florists often keep a number of dairy cattle that Rich IManures are relatively more valuable per unit 



an abundant supydyof bovine Manure, which is so valu- of contained fertility than poor ones. Plants are most 



a,i)ie in floriculture, may be at hanil. (Commercial Manures benetiteb when they receive extra nourishment in the 



ai-e used in small quantities, either direct or in solution. early stages of their growth. Coarse, low-grade Bla- 



Nitrogen stimulates the vegetative system and tends to nures should be weathered or rotted to improve their 



produce rapid growth and dark foliage. Phosphoric acid, availability, even though some loss may occur. A unit 



among other effects, has that of producing well -developed of plant-foo<l in high -grade fertilizers or well-preserved, 



plump seeds and fruits; potash may augment these ef- rotted IManures is worth more than in low grades. The 



tects, as well as increase and intensify the color of the valuable constituents in farm Manures are not soquickly 



bloom. a\ailable as they are in high-grade fertilizers, but they 



Barn Manures are more highly prized than formerly. have an additional value, since they furnish humus. 



Waste of their valuable constituents is now largely lighten the soil and increase its power to hold moisture, 



avoided either by applying them to the land day by day. while assisting in liberating the mineral constituents of 



as they are produceil, or by more rational methods of the soil. The value of Mantire as set down below is 



caring for them until they are partly rotted or oppor- determined by investigations during the winter months, 



tunity is afforded for most suitable application to the and the nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potash are com- 



land. Covered yards or pits are now sometimes used puted at 1.5, 6 and iV^ cents per pound, respectively. 



for temporarily storing Manures, where they can have The indirect beneficial effects of Manure are considered 



water added if too dry and if likely to "firefang;" or an equal offset for the slightly less availability of their 



absorbents, such as straw, ilry muck, gypsum and the jdant food constituents as" compared with fertilizers: 



like, may be used if they are too watery. When bedding Kin(^ of ITanvrr Valur per ton. 



is ;ibundant, the animals may t;i,ke their exercise in the Sheep if:! :iil 



covered yard, as they will soliil ify the 5Ianure by tramp- Calves '.2 17 



ing it, thereby dhniiiisb ing loss by too rapid ferment a- Piffs :! '.211 



tiou. Salt and g\'psum both conserve plant-food in ma- C')ws '2 O'i 



- ■ ' Horses '2 21 



