MARRUIUU.M 



used in lar2:e quantities t'ur tiniftM-rions ami itii-dicines 

 for couy;hs iiud colds. 



Mari'ubiaiu coinprisos similar iierennials hrancln-'d 

 from the hase, with wrinkled and crenate or cut l\s,, 

 and many-tld. axillary whorls of NUiail white or purplish 

 fls.: calyx' tuljular, H-lU-nerved and witli fj or lU awl- 

 shapcd teeth. 



vulg^re, LiTiu. Common HuiiEHocNo. IleiKlit l-:i ft.: 

 stems ascriidinu': Ivs. ovate, stalked : calyx with 10 i-e- 

 curved teeth, the alteruate ones shorter : tls, white. 

 bummer. B.B. ^{;S4. 



Horehound (or Hoarhound) in America lias hecomo a 

 common weed in New Enii^land, Indiana and upon the 

 racilic coast, especially suulh of ^an Francisco. From 

 the last re;^ion is cdjtaineil Horehound huue}', a product 

 considered useful in the treatment of coughs and colds. 

 The leaves and tups have a bitter, penetrating taste and 

 a stron.ii;, not unpleasant odor, which is somewhat dis- 

 sipated b}' dryin.if. In addition to its well-known uses 

 in |>ulmonary troubles, it is credited with tonic, laxative 

 and, in domestic medicine, deubstruent properties. The 

 plant prefers a dry, warm, rather rieli, lii^ht soil. It may 

 be readily propaiL^ated by division of the clunip.s oi- liy 

 seed .sown in the sprinj;: where the plants are to remain. 

 The drills should be 2 feet apart and the plant.s 1 

 foot asunder. With clean cultivation and moderate an- 

 nual mannrinaf two almndant cuttinfi^s should lie (di- 

 tained each year. Since the market is fully supplied by 

 the wild plants and since, when once estal>lished, it will 

 fCrow almost spontaneously, the cultivation of Hore- 

 hound is not recommended except to supply private 

 "t^t-^l^- M. G. Kains and ]M. B, Coulston. 



MARSDfiNIA (Willinm I\lars<len, ]7:.4-183(J, wrote a 

 history of Sumatra}. A srlr/)laih)'-r<v. About 50 S|;iecies 

 of tropical and subtropical shrulis, mostly twiners, of 

 which about half a dozen sj>ecies are cult, in Europe 

 under g'lass. M. Moi/h'i, a liber and dye plant from the 

 East Indies, was introduced by Reasoner in lbS9, but is 

 now lost. The genus is allied to Stephanotis, which has 

 larg:e white tls., while those of Marsdenia are usually 

 purplish, lurid, tcreenish or pallid. Lvs. opposite: 

 cymes umbel-shaped, simple or branched, terminal or 

 axillary: calyx 5-parted; corolla hell-, urn- or salver- 

 shaped; Iol)es narrow or broad, overlapping to the right: 

 crown of 5 scales: seeds comose. 



R6ylei, Wight. Lvs. :^-G in. long, 2-4 in. wide, ovate 

 cordate, acnuiinate, pubescent or tomentose beneath ; 

 petioles ]^o-2 in. long; cymes l-l^a in. across: tls. M— i 

 lines in diam.; corolla somewhat bell-shaped; lobes 

 large, fleshy; stigma not extendetl beyond the anthers: 

 seeds ^2 in. long. L. H. B. 



MARSHALLIA (Humphrey Marshall, wrote Arbus- 

 tum Anierit-anum. 17s,"). the lirst American work on our 

 trees and shrulis; also founded one of the tirst Ameri- 

 can botanic gardens). Coinpdsifa'. About 9 species of 

 perennial North American herbs, of which only one 

 species, Jf. caspifosa . seems to have been offered. 

 Marsh a Hi as are tufted plants, growing about a foot 

 high, with entire lvs. and scapes bearing solitary ray- 

 less heads about IK in. across. Somewhat like the 

 common Scabious. These are rose-purple or white, 

 with blue anthers, and appear in spring or summer. 

 For fuller description, see our manuals. 



caespitbsa, Nutt-. Tufted, glabrous: lvs. spatulate- 

 liuear; upper ones linear: bracts of the involucre 

 linear; disk-fls. pale rose or white: seeds inversely 

 pvramidal. villous on the angles. Limestone soil. Ark. 

 to Tex. B.M.:!7n4. B.B. 3:44:!. 



MARSH MALLOW. AJfh<ra offiriuoNs. 



MAESlLEA (("iiovanui I\[arsigli, Italian botanist of 

 last part of the eighteenib century, or Aloys Ferd., Uraf 

 von Marsigli, 1(;.")S-17.'!() ). Morsiledce^e. Aquatic flower- 

 less plants (a bout 40 species), with lys.like4-leaved clover 

 oroxalis,one spiecies ofwhich, M. g ii >i <] ri foUa ,hiv[i\.,i^ 

 sold and is also run wild in the eastern states. It is a 

 creeping plant, rooting in the mud on the margins of 

 ponds and making an attractive cover. The petioles 

 grow ;{-5 i]i. tall, or taller in the water, anrl ln-ar at 1 !ie 



MARTYXIA 



985 



apex 4 bi-iKllt greeu obcuut-ute oi' triioiuular li'aHels. 

 Tlie Kporoi-ai'ps or fruits are nearly sessile at tlie liase 

 "f tlie |ietiole.s. Prop, easily hy liieees of the runners, 

 and is likely to l)ee(One a \vmp,|. The youns; lealiels 

 elose at lliyht. Europe and Asia. Mn. Ij. p. 107. 



MAETINEZIA {Rev. Dr. I'.alta.sar Jacoho .'ilartinez 

 Compauon, archbishop of ;sauta Fe.who sent many early 

 collections of plants from Peru). Palinclccw. Orua- 

 )iiental palms, wiih spiny ritif.'e(l truuks: lvs. pinnate, 

 the seKtuents broad, weilye-sliaped, alternate or grouped, 

 the apex truncate and raK.yed : petioles and rachis 

 spiny, as are also the spadices ami spathes of the in- 

 florescence: fls. rather small: fr. globose, 1-celled, 

 orange, scarlet or ruse-pink. .'Species 7. Trop. Amer. 



.l.\KED G. S.MITH. 



Martinezias are beautiful palms, and make fairly 

 good house phuils. They nuist have a stove tempera- 

 ture. They do not require agreat amount of soil. Light 

 sandy loan), with plenty of sharp saud, is best. They 

 nee<l abundant njoisture. They sometimes flower in 

 cultivation, but the 4 kinds given below are distinct by 

 their foliage and spines. Like all armed palms, they 

 are slow to geriniuate, but after the lirst m- secnd 

 year they grow fairly fast. Tlie commonest and best 

 kind is M. cariioticfolid. which has fewer spines than the 

 other species aud, unlike many other palms, shows its 

 true lvs. at a very early stage. It resembles the flsli- 

 tail palms (C'iiryotal, but the hs. are a lighter green and 

 genertdly larger. aM . i ru.vt makes a better specimen at 

 .^)-6 ft. than when small. It is much more jagged at the 

 tips of the lvs. Being very spiny tdl over, it is less de- 

 sirable. M. Lhuhitiinia is more like the first. The 

 spines are longer but not very itiimerous. M. (jriiini- 

 /'')t.s'/.s' is of coarser Itabit and slower growth, and desir- 

 able only for large collections, jj Y SlEBREI'HT 

 A. Lvx. (liriilrd ii/lu xvijiili'iiU. 

 u. Seijniirtil.'^ in yfUKjl.S. 

 C. Apex of seyliieiit.i .J-hjhcd. 



caryotaefdlia, HBK. Stems at length L:n to uO ft. high : 

 lvs. tew, :i-li ft. long, light green; Ifts. in grou])s, li- !_' 

 in. long, 4-h in. \\'ide at the apex: stem, petioles, rachis 

 aud nerves below, deiiselc (dothf-d willi long bhok 

 spines. Colombia. G.<;. 1871! : IM . H.Jl. i;s,",4. F.K.2:i;i, 

 C'C. ^Ipex of .s'(';/i>O0'/.s' iriffi o jHii ol /noji'i I i luj from Ihr 

 llpr'.r oionjiii. 



liindeniina, H. Weiidl. .Stems '1-15 ft. high: pinna' 

 in op[)osite groups of 4 to (!, the groups widely sepa- 

 rated, long-wedge-sbaped, 10-14 in. long, 8-10 times as 

 long as broad, with a short, pro.jecting point at tlie up- 

 per margin, the nerves ciliate-spiny toward the end; 

 petiole densely covered with grayish brown bairs, with 

 many rather large bhick spines 1-2^2 in. long; rachis is 

 also spiny^ :d)Ove aud below; midnerve of each segment 

 a trifle shorter than the lower margin and spiny be- 

 neath, like the rachis and biteral nerves; hs. dark 

 green above, lighter beneath; terminal segment broad- 

 est; fr. rose-red. jMouutains of Colornlda, at an altitude 

 of (i.duO ft. 



BB. Si.'lllllvlil!: ill i-l imiis. 



erbsa, Linden. Lvs. with 2-r! pairs of narruw Ifts. at 

 base and a pair of broader ones at tlie apex, all ohiiipie 

 at the apex, bearing long, brown. needlesha|:ied spiiu'S 

 "U the veins and midrib; rachis cylindrical or obtusely 

 angled, mealy, clothed with spines like those on the hs. 

 West Indies.' (.i.f. 1872:1297. 



X.\. Ll-x. hifi.i lit till opr.r. 



Granat^nsis, llort. i.U. (im miih'ii.-iis. Hori.). Lv~. 

 roumiisli obhuig iir roiindish i:>vate, entire at the ba-i'. 

 bifid at the apex, evenly toothed along the edges: p.r- 

 ioles and rachis with dark brown, needle shaped, spread- 

 ing or reflexed spines, 'j-l in. long. Colombia. 



.J.iiiEij a. Smith. 



MAETYNIA i.lohn ilartyii. I(l9;1-I7i;8. professor of 

 liotaiiy at Camiiridge, botanical author and editor of 

 the largest editinn of Miller's "Gardeners' Diction- 

 ary"). Pmhirn'tri'i' AViout Itl species id' coarse annuals 

 frinu the wariuei parts of America, a few of which are 

 cult, f.u- pickles lu- for ornament. Thev have lar^e 

 sljowv tls. much like those of (Jatalpu in for)n, the 2 



