MATRICARIA 



face and ribless on the back ; also in luivin^ a higher or 

 moro conical receptacle, ami bracts in tew rather than 

 many series. Matricarias are annnal or perennial 

 weedy herbs, often heavily scenteil, about 25 species in 

 many parts o£ the world. The foliage is much cut or 

 divided into thread-UUe divisions. 



Tbe Matricarias are border plants in cultivation, and 

 otbers are introduced weeds. They are cunmionly con- 

 founded with species of (.'hrysantbeniuiu and feverfew. 

 Tbe M. exiinia plena of tbe trade is a form of Vhrusmi- 

 iheninm Partheiiimn (var. Iiihuiusnm). It is a goud 

 hardy annnal, with white, doulde lieads, growing 2 ft. 

 tall. 'Matricarias demand the care given to annual ( 'hrys- 

 iiut hem urns. The two following are annuals or biennials, 

 inoddra, Linn. {ChrijsihilJieniKm inotlorum, Linn. 

 PiireUiniiu inoduruin, Smith). Nearly or quite ghibrons, 

 branchy diffuse annnal, 1-2 ft. tall, from Europe and 

 Asia. Lvs. many, sessile, 2-.'i-pinmitely divided or dis- 

 sected: beads 1'^ in. across, ternnnating the branches, 

 with many acute white rays : akeues inversely pyra- 

 midal, with '^ conspicuous nbs. Not uncomnuju in fields 

 (-astward. Var. plenissima, Hort. (var. liuuldsit, var. 

 viiiUinlex, M. (jraiuii'lui-n . Hort. not Fenzl.), is a com- 

 mon garden plant with vei-y double, clear white, large 

 heads. It is tioriferous, and the lis. are tine for cutting. 

 (t.O. U. r2:7")3.— It often persists and blooms tbu sec- 

 ond year. Foliage little or not at all scented. 



parthenoides, Desf. {M. Ctti>i'iisis, Ilort., not Linn. 

 Aiithciitis p(U-theno\des, Beruh. Clii-ii^dulheiinnn />ar- 

 iheno)(Jcs, Voss). Annual, or biennial under cultiva- 

 tion, 2 ft. or less hii^h, soft-hairy when young, but be- 

 coming smooth, bushy in growth: lvs. petiolate, twice 

 <livided, tne ultimate segments ovate and often 3-lobed: 

 fl. -heads loosely corymbose, in tbe garden fm-ms usually 

 double, white. —A handsome plant, proltably of Old 

 World origin, nseful for pots, and blooming till frost. 



Other introduced species from Eu. are M. Cliainnmilla, 

 Linn., a glabrous, m ch-liranebed annual, wiili tiuely dissected 

 lvs., 10-20 tnmeate white r;iys, .^ml au obloiit,'. nearly terete 

 akene with 3-5 .aint ribs; and 21. diacnldea, I>(_!. (M. matricari- 

 i.i.li^s. Porter), a very leafy and !::;I;Lbrous annu;d with uo rays 

 imd a lightly nerved obloug akeue. Ij_ f{_ H_ 



MATTIIIOLA 



09;] 



Virginian Stoctis are diffuse small-flowered annuals of 

 the genus IMalcouiia (which sec). Stocks are of two 

 general types, — t ho autumn -blooming'. Queen or Bromp- 

 ton Stocks, and tlie snunner-bloomiug, Ten Weeks or 

 Intermediate Stocks. B3' some persons these classes 

 are made to represent two species — J/, incana and M. 

 f/iiHua respectively. It is probable, however, that they 

 are gardcTi forms of one polymorphous type. Even if 

 distinct originally, it is not possible now to distinguish 

 them by detiiute botanical characters. Stocks are 

 amongst the most common of all garden flowers. The 

 two types cover tbe entire blooming season, partic^ilarly 

 if the earlier ones are started indoors. Most of the gar- 

 den forms are double, although some of the single 

 types are desirable for the detinitencss and simplicity 

 of their outlines. The colors are nmst various, running 

 from white through rose, crimson, purple and parti- 

 colored. The Hs. are fragrant. For culture, see Stock. 





MATRIMONY VINE. SeeLi/eium. 

 MATSfiA. Consult JfaiifH/i. 



MATTEITCCIA (from C. Jlatteucci, an Italian physi- 

 cist 1. Poli/pudiaceir. A small genus o£ norlU tem- 

 perate ferns, with leaves of two sorts, the sterile grow- 

 ing in crowns from erect routstocks, and the fertile 

 growing from the interior of the crown. Our species is 

 known as the Ostrich Fern and is one of the most easily 

 cultivated, as -well as one of tlio liandsoniest of our na- 

 tive species. It multiplies r.-ipidly hy offsets sent out 

 from the rootstock. Commonly known as au Ouoclea or 

 Struthiopteris. 



Struthidpteris, Todaro {Stniniioptcri.-: Gfrtmhiica . 

 Willd. Ottodhi Strulliii'ipltris. llottni.). Ostkich Fern. 

 Lvs. (sterile) 2-6 ft. long, with the lowest pinnie grad- 

 ually reduced; fertile lvs. lO-l."} in. long, pinnate, with 

 the margins of the pinnne closely inrolled and covering 

 the sori. Eu. and northeastern N. Amer.—Wildenow re- 

 garded the American species distinct, but by most 

 liotanists it is considered as identical with the European 

 species. L. M. Underwood. 



MATTHiOLA (Peter Andrew Matthioli, l.:i00-l.')77, 

 Italian phvsician and writer on plants). Sometimes 

 spelled J/a»iiV</a. Crurlienr. Stock. Gilliflowek, 

 when used at the present day, means Matthiolaor some- 

 times Cheiranthus; formerly it designated JJiiiiillnm 

 GiirnopliiiUim. From Cheiranthus, the wallflower, this 

 genus differs in its winged seeils, which are as broad as 

 the parlition, Iho stigma lobes erect or connivent and 

 often thickened on the outside, the silique not 4-sided 

 (terete or compressed). Of Matthiolas there are prob- 

 ably ?,0 species, widely distributed in the Old World and 

 Australia. They are herbs or subshrubs, tomentose, 

 with oblong or linear-entire or sinuate lvs., and large, 

 mostly purple fls. in terminal racemes or spikes. 



The true Stocks (Pig. 1:IT7) are of this genus. The 



1377. Ten Weeks" Stock— Matthiola incana, var. annua (X )'i)- 



incana, r». Br. Common Autimnal or Bkompton 

 Stock. Biennial or perennial, becoiuiug woody at base, 

 but usually treated as an annual: erect-branching, 

 closely tomentose-pubesceiif. the .'terns stiff and cylin- 

 drical': lvs. alternate, tapering into a petiole, long-ob- 

 long or oldanceolate, entire, obtuse: fls. with saccate 

 lateral sepals and large petals with long claws and 

 wide-spreading limb, borne on elongating stalks in an 

 open, terminal, erect raceme: siliques becoming R-4 in. 

 long, erect. Mediterranean region; also Islu of \\ ight. 

 -M. glahrata, DC, is a glabrcsis form. 



Var annua, Voss {M.diniua. Sweet). Ten-TTeeks, 

 or IxTERMEDi.vTE Stock.s. Fig. i:i77. Annual, less 

 woody, blooming earlier.-A shining-lvd. variety is 

 known. 



