40 POACEAE. 



blades flat, somewhat scabrous above; sheaths little inflated; panicles slender, 

 erect, 3-7 cm. long; spikelets 2.5 mm. long; glumes ciliate on the keels; lemma 

 shorter than the glumes, bearing a short awn. 

 In wet places, common. 



Alopecurus saccatus Vasey. Pale green, glabrous, simple or tufted, 10-30 

 cm. high, erect or geniculate at base; sheaths much inflated, about as long as 

 the internodes; ligule well developed; blades short, 2-8 cm. long, 2-4 mm. 

 broad; panicles usually exserted, 2-5 cm. long, thick, pale green or purplish; 

 glumes strongly ciliate on the keels; lemma shorter than the glumes and bearing 

 a divergent awn 6-7 mm. long. 



In moist ground, rare, and local; near Yale, British Columbia, Macoun; 

 Barlow Gate, Oregon, Howell. 



Alopecurus pratensis L. Meadow Foxtail. Perennial, glabrous; stems 

 30-70 cm. tall, erect; leaf blades flat, 4-10 cm. long; spike stout, 4-6 cm. long; 

 glumes united at base, equal, acute, ciliate on the keel; lemma obtuse, glabrous, 

 shorter than the glumes, bearing from near the base a slightly exserted straight 

 awn. 



Sparingly introduced; native to Europe. 



Alopecurus californicus Vasey. {A. pallescens Piper.) Perennial, tufted, 

 pale green, the smooth stems 30-50 cm. tall, erect or slightly geniculate at 

 the base; stem leaves 3; sheaths rather loose and inflated, shorter than the 

 internodes, smooth; blades flat, 6-12 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, acuminate, 

 strongly scabrous above, less so beneath; ligule scarious, 3—5 mm. long; 

 panicle usually well exserted, pale and silvery, 2—7 cm. long, about 5 mm. 

 thick, erect, straight or somewhat flexuous; glumes 2-5 mm. long, nearly 

 equal, strongly ciliate on the keels, obtuse; lemma hyaline, 2-4-nerved, as 

 long as the glumes, obtuse, bearing from near the base a stout geniculate awn, 

 5 mm. long, scabrous above the bend. 



In wet places, rare in our limits; Victoria, British Columbia, Macoun; 

 Medford, Oregon, Howell. A. howellii Vasey is apparently indistinguishable. 



61. CINNA. 



Tall perennial grasses with flat leaves, conspicuous hyaline 

 ligules and usually many- flowered nodding panicles; spikelets 

 1 -flowered; rachilla articulated below the glumes and prolonged 

 behind the palea into a minute bristle; glumes narrow; lemma 

 3-5-nerved; palea 1-nerved; stamen 1. 



Cinna latifolia (Trev.) Griseb. Stems solitary or few, erect, 60-120 cm. 

 high; leaf blades flat, green, 1-1.5 cm. broad, scabrous; panicle pale green, 

 drooping, 10-30 cm. long; glumes subequal, scabrous, 4 mm. long; lemma 

 shorter, scabrous, bearing a short straight awn; palea 2-nerved. 



Along streams and in swamps, common. 



62. COLEANTHUS. 



Small annuals with short leaves and umbel-like panicles; 

 spikelets 1-flowered; glumes none; lemma ovate, keeled, usually 

 with a short straight awn ; grain free. 



Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidel. Very small purplish grass, 2-5 cm. 

 high; sheaths loose and dilated; blades 1 cm. long; panicle 1-3 cm. long, often 

 partly included in the upper sheath. 



On the muddy banks of the Columbia River. 



