TAXACEAE. 17 



ring-shaped disk ; fruit consisting of the red fleshy dish which has 

 become cup-shaped and nearly encloses the bony seed. 



Taxus brevifolia Nutt. Western Yew. Small tree, 4-10 m. high, some- 

 times much larger, the bark loose and reddish; branches slender, horizontal 

 or drooping; leaves horizontal, 1-2 cm. long, linear, acuminate, cuspidate, 

 with revolute margins, shiny green above, glaucous beneath, abruptly narrowed 

 at the base into a short petiole; staminate aments globose, 3 mm. broad; fruit 

 bright red, insipid in taste; stone broadly ovate, acute, somewhat flattened, 

 3—4 mm. long. 



Quite common, especially along mountain streams. Very large trees 

 become 75 cm. in diameter. Extreme southern Alaska to Tulare County, 

 California and eastward to the Blue and Bitterroot Mountains. 



Family 9. PINACEAE. Pine Family. 



Resinous trees or shrubs mostly with evergreen narrow entire 

 or scale-like leaves; flowers in aments, usually monoecious, 

 rarely dioecious; ovules solitary or several together on the sur- 

 face of a scale, which in most genera is in the axile of a bract; 

 fruit a cone with numerous several or few woody papery or 

 fleshy scales; seed wingless or winged. 



Scales of the cone few (3-12); leaf-buds naked; 

 leaves mostly scale-like. 

 Cone modified into a fleshy, drupe-like fruit. 24. Juniperus, 17. 



Cone composed of dry scales. 



Scales of the globose cone peltate. 26. Chamaecyparis, 18. 



Scales of the oblong cone not peltate. 



Cone-scales 8-12, rather thin, imbricate. 26. Thuja, 18. 

 Cone-scales 6, thick, valvate. 27. Libocedrus, 19. 



Scales of the cones numerous; leaf-buds scaly; green 

 leaves needle-like. 

 Cone-scales woody; leaves needle-shaped, 2-5 in 



a sheath. 28. Pinus, 19. 



Cone-scales thin; leaves linear, scattered or 

 clustered, not in sheaths. 

 Cones erect; scales deciduous. 29. Abies, 20. 



Cones pendent; scales persistent. 



Branchlets smooth; bracts 3-toothed. 30. Pseudotsuga, 21. 

 Branchlets roughened by the persistent 

 leaf-bases. 

 Leave sessile, pungent-pointed. 31. Picea, 22. 



Leaves petioled, not pungent. 32. Tsuga, 22. 



24. JUNIPERUS. Juniper. 



Evergreen shrubs or small trees ; leaves scale-like or needle-like, 

 opposite or in whorls of three; flowers dioecious or monoecious, 

 small and lateral; anther-cells 3-6, attached to the lower edge of 

 the shield-shaped scale; ovule-bearing aments ovoid, of 3-6 

 fleshy coalescent scales, each 1-ovuled, in fruit forming a bluish- 

 black berry. 

 3 



