POACEAE. 63 



spikelets 2 at each node, 1- or rarely 2-flowered; glumes subulate, rigid, 2-2.5 

 cm. long; lemma lanceolate, very scabrous, tipped with a stout awn 5-10 

 cm. long. 



Introduced from Europe; abundant in the upper Willamette Valley. 



Elymus triticoides Buckl. Stems erect, about 1 m. tall, not densely tufted; 

 leaves 4-6 mm. wide, sometimes scabrous; panicle spike-like or with some of 

 the lower branches elongated, usually purplish, rather loose ; lemma acuminately 

 short-awned. 



Rare west of the Cascade Mountains; common in the interior. 



Elymus vancouverensis Vasey. Stems stout, 60-90 cm. high; leaves 

 thick, involute; spike dense, 10-12 cm. long; spikelets crowded; lemma scab- 

 rous-puberulent, mucronate or awn-pointed. 



On high sandy beaches, rare. Near Victoria, British Columbia, Macoun; 

 Coupeville, Washington, Gardner; Seattle, Piper, Howell. 



Elymus arenarius L. Culms stout, 1-2 m. tall; spikes 10-20 cm. long, 

 dense, erect; spikelets 2-3 cm. long, appressed, 3-7-flowered; glumes lanceolate, 

 acuminate, awnless; lemma scabrous to hairy, cuspidate at tip. 



On high sea-beaches. Typical E. arenarius has the upper part of the culm 

 and the glumes glabrous and does not occur in our limits. The common plant 

 of the Alaska coast extending southward to Vancouver Island having sessile 

 spikelets and pliant villous glumes is E. arenarius mollis Piper. n.comb.(£. 

 mollis Trim). The plant of the Puget Sound region having pedicelled spike- 

 lets and stiff hispid to glabrate glumes is E. arenarius compositus (Abromeit) 

 St. John. Both these subspecies have the culm pubescent near the top. 



Elymus glaucus Buckl. Stems 50-100 cm. tall, erect; leaf blades spreading 

 or drooping, 10-30 cm. long, 6-16 mm. wide; spike-like panicle narrow, erect 

 or rarely nodding above, 5-15 cm. long, greenish or purplish, glaucescent; 

 spikelets usually appressed, mostly in pairs, 3-6-flowered ; glumes lanceolate; 

 lemma not pubescent but rough near the apex, tipped with an awn about twice 

 as long. 



Common and variable. 



Elymus hirsutus Presl. (E. borealis Scribn.) Much like E. glaucus but 

 bright green; spike looser or interrupted, often nodding; lemma ciliate. 

 Alaska southward to the Olympic Mountains. 



Elymus virescens Piper. Green and glabrous; stems 30-60 cm. high; 

 spike dense, erect, 6-8 cm. long; glumes 3-nerved, lanceolate; iemma lanceolate, 

 obtusely cuspidate. 



Olympic Mountains, head of Duckaboose River, in moist coniferous woods. 



92. HORDEUM. Wild Barley. 



Cespitose annuals or perennials with terminal cylindrical 

 spikes; spikelets 1-flowered, usually in threes at each joint of the 

 rachis, the lateral generally short-stalked and imperfect; rachilla 

 produced beyond the flower; glumes rigid, the lower ones often 

 reduced to awns and forming an apparent involucre around the 

 spikelets; lemmas rounded on the back, 5-nerved at the apex, 

 awned; palea scarcely shorter than the lemma; grain usually 

 adherent to the lemma, hairy at the summit. 



Floret of the central spikelet pedicelled; glumes ciliate. H. murinum. 



Floret of the central spikelet sessile; glumes not ciliate. 



