CYPERACEAE. 75 



perigynia broadly ovate, broad-winged, serrulate above, nerved, loosely arrang- 

 ed, 1.5 mm. long; scales lanceolate, acutish, narrower than the perigynia but 

 nearly as long. 



In wet meadows, rare. 



Carex phaeocephala Piper. Densely tufted, smooth throughout, pale 

 green; stems 10-40 cm. high; leaves mostly folded or involute, 2-3 mm. wide, 

 shorter than the stems, tough in texture and persistent when dry; bracts 

 short, scarious; spikelets 3-7, distinct but crowded into an oblong-lanceolate 

 erect or slightly nodding brown head 1-3 cm. long, the lower spike often 

 separated and short-peduncled, the other sessile; perigynia brown, lanceolate, 

 wing-margined, the serrulate bidentate beak as long as the body; scales brown, 

 acute, as long as the perigynia. 



In rocky or sandy soil in the mountains, at about 2500 m. altitude. 



Carex scoparia Schkuhr. Stems erect, slender, 30-80 cm. high; leaves 

 flat, 2-3 mm. wide, much shorter than the stems; bracts filiform; spikes 3-10, 

 usually close together but distinct, oblong, pointed, straw-colored or brownish, 

 6-12 mm. long; perigynium thin, appressed, broadly lanceolate, narrowly wing- 

 margined, gradually tapering into a broad bidentate serrulate beak; scales 

 acute or acuminate, shorter than the perigynia, pale brown. 



In moist places, not common. 



Carex leporina L. Tufted, slender, erect, 15-40 cm. high, scabrous near 

 the top; leaves shorter than the stems, 2-3 mm. wide; bracts very small or 

 absent; spikes 3-7, oblong-ovoid, dark brown, staminate at base, each 8-15 

 mm. long, crowded into a head; scales lanceolate, acute, shining, brown with 

 a scarious margin, about as wide and long as the perigynia; perigynia 4 mm. 

 long, ascending, narrowly ovoid, compressed, wing-margined, the roughish 

 tapering 2-toothed reddish-tipped beak as long as the body; orifice not at all 

 or but minutely hyaline. 



Seattle, Piper; East Sound, Washington, Henderson; rare in our limits. 



Carex piperi Mackenzie. (C. pratensis furva Bailey; C. furva Piper not 

 Webb.) Stems slender, smooth, terete, stiffly erect, 40-60 cm. high; leaves 

 pale green, flat, 2-3 mm. broad, much shorter than the stems; lower bract 

 slender, shorter than the head; spikes 3-6, chestnut-brown, ovoid, acutish, 

 10-15 mm. long, close together in a head; scales chestnut-brown, shiny, 

 lance-ovate, acute, thin margined, just exceeding the perigynia; perigynia 

 ascending but not appressed, lanceolate, narrowly margined, 6 mm. long, 

 pale brown with chestnut-tipped 2-toothed beak and white hyaline orifice; 

 beak gradually narrowed, as long as the body. 



Damp meadows, Vancouver Island to Oregon. 



Carex oregonensis Olney. Creeping with short rootstocks, glabrous, pale 

 green; stems 30-40 cm. high, smooth; leaves flat, 2-4 mm. broad, pale, firm, 

 scabrous on the margins, usually longer than the stems; bracts leaf-like with 

 thin white auricles at base, the lower about as long as the inflorescence; spikes 

 4-7, erect, short-peduncled, close together, the upper 1-3 staminate; perigynia 

 paler, ovoid, prominently nerved, pubescent, each gradually narrowed into 

 the bidentate beak; scales pale, ovate, cuspidate, shorter than the perigynia, 

 brown, except the hyaline margins and pale midrib. 



In sandy ground in pine woods, mostly on the eastern slopes of the Cascade 

 Mountains. 



Carex lanuginosa Michx. Stems erect, slender, 30-60 cm. tall, rough- 

 angled; leaves flat, 2-5 mm. wide, as long or nearly as long as the stem; stami- 

 nate spikes 1-3, sometimes pistillate at base; pistillate spikes 1-3, mostly 

 long-peduncled, 18-30 mm. long; perigynia ovai, densely pubescent, each with 

 a short 2-toothed beak; bracts acute or acuminate, about equal to the perigy- 



