SAXIFRAGACEAE. 191 



Saxifraga mertensiana Bong. Leaves nearly all basal, the blades orbic- 

 ular-reniform, incisely many lobed, the lobes mostly 3-toothed at apex; stems 

 10-30 cm. high; panicle loose, the branches flowering at the tips and usually 

 bearing bulblets below; sepals reflexed; petals white, oblong or obovate, 

 short-clawed; filaments broadest at top. 



On moist cliffs, especially in the mountains. 



(Saxifraga odontoloma Piper. Glabrous below the inflorescence; leaves all 

 basal, reniform-orbicular, coarsely and evenly dentate, 2-8 cm. broad; petioles 

 2-3 times as long as the blade; scapes 10-40 cm. high; flowers white, in a loose 

 panicle; calyx lobes oval, obtuse, reflexed, 2 mm. long; petals orbicular, un- 

 guiculate, longer than the calyx; filaments spatulate; carpels 7-8 mm. long, 

 becoming divaricate. 



Common along streams in the mountains. Formerly confused with the 

 European 5. punctata L. 



Saxifraga nelsoniana D. Don. Very similar to 5. odontoloma; petals oblong 

 to ovate, unguiculate at base, 3-4.5 mm. long. 



Along mountain rivulets at 1500-2000 m. altitude, Alaska to Washington. 

 Except for the form of the petals it is scarcely distinguishable from 5. odon- 

 toloma. 



Saxifraga rufidula (Small) Piper n. comb. {Micranthes rufidula Small.) 

 Leaves in a basal rosette, thickish, ovate to oval, crenate, bright green and 

 nearly glabrous above, densely red-tomentose beneath at least when young, 

 1-4 cm. long, short-petioled; scapes 5-10 cm. high, pubescent; cyme few- 

 flowered; sepals ovate, obtuse; petals white, 4-5 mm. long, nearly orbicular, 

 clawed; filaments subulate. 



In rock crevices mostly in the mountains. 



Saxifraga marshallii Greene. Very similar to 5. rufidula, but the leaves 

 larger, 4-9 cm. long, not so thick and usually less pubescent; filaments clavate 

 or spatulate. 



Rock crevices in the mountains at about 2000 m. altitude. 



Saxifraga oregana Howell. Leaves spreading in a basal rosette, oblong 

 to oblanceolate, obscurely denticulate, obtuse, nearly glabrous, 5-20 cm. long; 

 scapes stout, erect, glandular, 30-90 cm. tall; inflorescence paniculate, usually 

 pyramidal, rather dense; sepals ovate, obtuse, at length reflexed; petals white, 

 oblong to oval, short-clawed, 4 mm. long; filaments subulate. 



In marshes, Washington to California; rather local. 



Saxifraga integrifolia Hook. Leaves all basal in a rosette, oblong to ovate, 

 entire or obscurely denticulate, viscidly-pubescent or glabrate, 4-8 cm. long; 

 scapes glandular, erect, 15-40 cm. high; inflorescence paniculate; sepals ovate, 

 becoming reflexed; petals white, obovate, 2-3 mm. long; filaments subulate, 



Prairies, rare. First found near the mouth of the Columbia River by 

 Scouler. 



251. BOLANDRA. 



Perennial herbs with creeping rootstocks; leaves alternate; 

 flowers in loose few-flowered panicles; calyx broadly campan- 

 ulate, 5-lobed, the tube free from the ovary; petals 5, on the 

 throat of the calyx, small, subulate, persistent, recurved; stamens 

 5, short, alternate with the petals; ovary enclosed by the dilated 

 calyx, ovate with a broad 2-celled base, deeply cleft above into two 

 tapering horns, each tipped by a truncate nearly sessile stigma ; 

 capsule membranaceous. 



