ROSACEAE. 203 



toward the apex, tomentose beneath; flowers in dense panicles, 8-20 cm. long; 

 petals rose-colored. 



In swamps and on the margins of lakes, common. 



Spiraea menziesii Hook. Erect shrub, 1-1.5 m. high, not much branched, 

 minutely pubescent on the young twigs and under side of the leaves; leaves 

 oblong, acute or obtuse, rounded or cuneate at base, green on both sides, 

 coarsely serrate above the middle, rarely entire, 3-6 cm. long; petioles short; 

 panicles dense, pyramidal or oblong, 5-20 cm. long; flowers rose-colored; 

 calyx-lobes becoming reflexed; carpels 5, glabrous. 



In wet places, rare west of the Cascade Mountains. Common in the 

 interior. 



271. ARUNCUS. Goat's Beard. 



Tall dioecious herbs; leaves 2-3-pinnate, the leaflets rather 

 large, ovate-oblong; flowers sessile or nearly so, on long spike-like 

 branches in a large open panicle; petals small, narrow, white; 

 carpels 3 or 4. 



Aruncus aruncus (L.) Karst. Glabrous; stems erect, 1-2 m. high; leaflets 

 ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, doubly dentate, 5-10 cm. long; panicle large; 

 flowers white. 



On moist cliffs and banks, not rare. 



272. RUBUS. 



Perennial herbs or shrubs or vines, often prickly; leaves alter- 

 nate, simple, or pinnately 3-7-foliolate, with stipules adherent 

 to the petiole; flowers white or red, solitary or in racemes or 

 corymbs; calyx 5-lobed, without bractlets; petals 5,' conspicuous; 

 stamens numerous, on the calyx-tube; styles nearly terminal; 

 carpels numerous, on the convex receptacle, ripening into 1- 

 seeded drupelets forming an aggregate fruit. 



Herbs. 



Leaves palmately lobed; carpels tomentose. R. lasiococcus. 



Leaves palmately compound; carpels glabrous. R. pedatus. 



Shrubs. 



Stems trailing. _ . 



Leaves mostly compound; berries black. R. macropetalus. 



Leaves mostly simple; berries red. R. nivalis. 



Stems erect or ascending. 



Leaves palmately lobed; not prickly. R. parviflorus. 



Leaves compound; prickly. 



Stems perennial; berry cylindric. R. laciniatus. 



Stems biennial; berry hemispheric. 



Flowers red; berries yellow or orange. R. spectabilis. 



Flowers white; berries black. R. leucodermis. 



Rubus lasiococcus Gray. Herbaceous with trailing stems; leaves broadly 

 ovate, 3-5-lobed or rarely 3-foliolate, the lobes or leaflets serrate; flowers 

 white, solitary, on slender peduncles; fruit composed of few-several large red 

 fuzzy drupelets. 



In shaded mountain woods, common. 



Rubus pedatus Smith. Much like R. lasiococcus but the leaves palmate 

 with 3-5 leaflets; fruit red, not fuzzy. 



In mountain woods, often growing with R. lasiococcus. 



