ERICACEAE. 279 



Arbutus menziesii Pursh. Madrona. Evergreen tree, 10-30 m. high, 

 20-80 cm. in diameter; bark dark red, smooth, exfoliating each year, or on 

 the oldest trunks becoming thicker, roughened and scaly; leaves oval, entire 

 or on young shoots serrulate, obtuse, coriaceous, petioled, 6-12 cm. long, 

 shiny above; inflorescence a panicle, its branches pubescent; calyx-lobes ovate; 

 corolla white, 6-10 mm. long; berries globose, bright orange-red, maturing 

 in autumn, scarcely edible. 



British Columbia to California. Northward it occurs mainly on bluffs along 

 lake or sea shores. 



379. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS. Manzanita. 



Low shrubs; leaves alternate, coriaceous, persistent, entire or 

 with a few irregular teeth; flowers small, nodding, pink or white, 

 in terminal racemes or clusters; calyx free from the ovary; 

 corolla ovate and urn-shaped, with 5 short teeth; stamens 10; 

 anthers with two reflexed awns on the back; drupe berry-like 

 with 5-10 seed-like nutlets. 



Erect shrubs 1-2 m. high. A. columbiana. 

 Prostrate creeping shrubs. 



Leaves retuse at apex. A. uva-ursi. 



Leaves cuspidate at apex. A. nevadensis. 



Arctostaphylos columbiana Piper n. sp. A much-branched shrub, 1-3 m. 

 high, the young twigs densely pubescent and setose with white hairs; leaves 

 pale-green, oblong to oblong-ovate, cuspidately acute, 2-6 cm. long, densely 

 tomentulose on both surfaces but becoming glabrous above in age; petioles 

 short, tomentose and somewhat setose ; bracts lanceolate, tomentulose, sparsely 

 setose-ciliate ; racemes clustered; corolla white, ovoid; ovary tomentose; fruit 

 depressed-globose, red-cheeked. 



This is the common northern manzanita that has usually been referred to 

 A. tomentosa Lindl. but the type specimens of that species are, according to 

 Miss Alice Eastwood, from Monterey Bay, California, and are identical with 

 A . vestita Eastwood. A . columbiana is common in gravelly soil from Vancouver 

 Island to Oregon and in varying forms throughout much of California. As 

 typical of the species I would designate Piper No. 898 from near Union City, 

 Mason County, Washington. It may be that one or more of Howell's pro- 

 posed species from southwest Oregon are conspecific with A. columbiana but 

 this is doubtful. 



Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Kinnikinnick. Prostrate or trailing 

 shrub with red bark, the much branched stems 20-80 cm. long, forming dense 

 mats, glabrous throughout or minutely puberulent; leaves evergreen, leathery, 

 spatulate-obovate, obtuse or notched, cuneate at base, 1-3 cm. long, short- 

 petioled; flowers in short racemes; corolla pink, ovoid, 4^5 mm. long; fila- 

 ments hairy; fruit bright red, glabrous, 5-8 mm. in diameter. 



In open woods, common. A natural hybrid with the preceding is A. 

 media Greene. 



Arctostaphylos nevadensis Gray. Prostrate or decumbent shrub, much 

 branched, the branches 30-60 cm. long; leaves bright green, firm and rigid, 

 ovate to oval, sharply cuspidate, short-petioled, 1-2 cm. long; flowers few, in 

 racemes; corolla white, oblong-ovoid, 6-8 mm. long; fruit globose, red. 



In the Cascade Mountains at about 2500 m. altitude. 



