300 BORAGINACEAE. 



Mature fruits are necessary for accurate determinations in this 

 family. 



Nutlets armed with barbed prickles. 



Nutlets erect, prickly on the margins and 



sometimes on the back. 414. Lappula, 300. 



Nutlets spreading, prickly all over. 415. Cynoglossum, 301. 



Nutlets not armed with barbed prickles. 



Corolla tubular or tubular-funnelform, blue. 416. Mertensia, 301. 

 Corolla funnelform or rotate. 



Nutlets erect, attached by the very base. 

 Racemes bractless; corolla rotate; 



roots slender. 417. Myosotis, 302. 



Racemes bracteate; corolla funnel- 

 form ; roots thick. 418. Lithospermum, 303. 

 Nutlets erect or oblique, attached above 

 the base, with a more or less promi- 

 nent fruiting receptacle (gynobase). 

 Corolla yellow or orange, with a naked 



open throat. 419. Amsinckia, 303. 



Corolla white or blue with more or less 

 prominent swellings in the 

 throat. 

 Gynobase elongate, the nutlets at- 

 tached by one-third their length 



or more. 420. Cryptantha, 303. 



Gynobase low. 



Nutlets oblique or incurved, 

 attached about the middle by 

 a caruncle-like process ; leaves 



all alternate. 421. Plagiobothrys, 304. 



Nutlets attached just inside the 

 base; lower leaves opposite. 422. Aixocarya, 304. 



414. LAPPULA. 



Annual, biennial or perennial rough-hairy herbs; flowers small, 

 in racemes or spikes; calyx 5-parted, refiexed or open in fruit; 

 corolla short-salverform or somewhat funnelform, white or blue, 

 the throat closed with prominent appendages (fornices) ; nutlets 

 attached by some part of the inner angle or face to the gynobase, 

 armed either along a distinct margin or more or less over the 

 whole back with backwardly-barbed prickles. 



Lateral prickles of the fruit united. L. cupulata. 



Lateral prickles of the fruit free. L. occidentalis. 



Lappula cupulata (Gray) Rydb. Annual, erect, loosely branched, 15-50 

 cm. high, hispid-pubescent throughout; leaves all sessile, linear, obtuse, 1-3 

 cm. long; racemes becoming very loose and elongated, leafy-bracteate; pedicels 

 stout, shorter than the calyx; corolla very' small, white or blue, its tube barely 

 as long as the calyx; nutlets convex on the back, granular-roughened, the 

 margins with a border of united prickles, thus forming a shallow cup; ventral 

 face convex, covered with whitish tubercles; scar long and narrow, nearly as 

 long as the nutlet. 



Victoria, British Columbia, Macoun. 



