RUBIACEAE. 335 



tate; ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled; ovules solitary; fruit dry or fleshy, 

 globular, separating when ripe into 2 closed 1 -seeded carpels. 



Annuals; fruit hispid or hirsute. 



Leaves mostly in fours; stems erect, smooth. G. bifolium. 

 Leaves 6-8 in each whorl; stems rough on the 



angles. G. aparine. 



Perennials; fruit smooth, hispid or canescent. 

 Leaves 3-nerved, in whorls of four. 



Fruit canescent, becoming smooth; 



leaves linear. G. boreale. 



Fruit hispid; leaves wider than linear. 



Leaves oblong-ovate, acutish. G. kamtschaticum. 



Leaves obovate or orbicular, obtuse. G. kamtschaticum oreganum. 

 Leaves 1-nerved. 



Whorls containing 6 leaves; fruit hispid 



with hooked hairs. G. triflorum. 



Whorls containing 4, 5, or 6 leaves; fruit 

 smooth. 

 Flowers cymose, the peduncles ir- 

 regularly branching. G. cymosum. 

 Flowers not cymose. 



Flowers solitary. G. trifidum. 



Flowers or many of them in twos. G. claytoni. 



Galium bifolium Wats. Glabrous; stems erect, 10-20 cm. high, simple or 

 but little branched; leaves linear to oblanceolate, 8-15 mm. long, the upper 

 often in twos; peduncles 1-flowered, about as long as the leaves; flowers white. 



In moist places in the mountains at about 1500 m. altitude. Known from 

 Mount Adams and Mount Stuart and to be expected in our limits. 



Galium aparine L. Stems weak and reclining, retrosely prickly on the 

 angles, 30-120 cm. long; leaves linear or linear-spatulate, mostly cuspidate, 

 more or less retrorsely-hispid, especially on the margins and midribs, 5-8 cm. 

 long; pedicels from the upper axils or terminal, bearing solitary flowers; fruit 

 on erect pedicels, densely hispid with somewhat hooked bristles, 3-4 mm. 

 broad. 



Very abundant in open woods. 



Galium boreale L. Glabrous or nearly so; stems rather slender, but erect, 

 30-60 cm. high, leafy; leaves 3-nerved, oblong-linear, lanceolate or linear, 

 obtuse to acuminate, mostly 1-3 cm. long; flowers white, in small cymes which 

 form a large terminal panicle; bract-like leaves much reduced and in pairs; 

 fruit globose, small, hispid, but becoming glabrous. 



In moist meadows, not common. 



Galium kamtschaticum Steller. Stems erect, 10-30 cm. high; leaves in 

 fours, obovate to orbicular, 3-nerved, obtuse, slightly pilose on the nerves and 

 margins; flowers cream-colored, in small cymes; pedicels spreading; corolla- 

 lobes acute; fruit hispid. 



Stevens Pass, Washington, Sandberg & Leiberg, north to Alaska and 

 Kamtschatka. 



Galium kamtschaticum oreganum (Britt.) Piper. Leaves oblong-ovate, 

 acutish; otherwise like G. kamtschaticum. 



Common in woods in the mountains at low altitudes, Vancouver Island, 

 British Columbia, to Oregon. 



Galium triflorum Michx. Stems weak, prostrate to ascending, 30-100 cm 

 long, retrorsely hispid on the angles; leaves lanceolate, bristle-tipped, 2-8 cm. 



