340 VALERIANACEAE. 



cell and two abortive or empty ones; fruit indehiscent; endo- 

 sperm none. 



Tall perennial herbs; calyx-limb of 5—15 plumose 



slender lobes, inrolled until fruiting. 473. Valeriana, 340. 



Low annual herbs; calyx-limb obsolete or nearly so. 474. Valerianella, 340. 



473. VALERIANA. Valerian. 



Tall perennial herbs, with strong-scented thickened roots; 

 leaves simple or pinnate; calyx-lobes of several plumose bristles 

 {pappus) which are rolled inward in flower but which unroll as the 

 fruit matures; corolla commonly gibbous near the base, 5-lobed, 

 nearly regular; stamens 3; abortive cell of the ovary small or 

 obscure, obliterated in the akene-like fruit which is therefore 

 1 -celled. 



Valeriana sitchensis Bong. Perennial from stout rootstocks, glabrous 

 or nearly so; stems erect, 60-90 cm. high; basal leaves simple or trifoliolate, 

 the blades broadly ovate to orbicular; cauline 3-5-foliolate, the leaflets sessile, 

 ovate to oblong, coarsely sinuate to sinuate-dentate; flowers whitish or pinkish, 

 in dense umbels; calyx sparsely pilose; corolla funnelform, 6-7 mm. long; 

 stigma entire; fruit glabrous. 



Abundant in the mountains at the limit of trees. Odor strong and rather 

 unpleasant, especially when dry. First collected near Sitka by Mertens. 



Valeriana sitchensis scouleri (Rydb.) Piper. Leaflets entire or merely 

 undulate; otherwise like V. sitchensis. 

 Rocky stream banks at low altitudes. 



474. VALERIANELLA. 



Low annual dichotomously branched herbs; leaves tender, 

 rather succulent; flowers small, bracted, whitish or pink, cymosely 

 clustered ; calyx merely toothed or teeth obsolete ; corolla funnel- 

 form, manifestly or obscurely 2-lipped; stamens 3, rarely 2; 

 fruit 1 -celled, 1 -seeded. 



Flowers rose-colored; fruit usually broadly winged. V. congesta. 

 Flowers pale or white. 



Corolla spurless; fruit winged. V. anomala. 



Corolla spurred; fruit wingless. V. samolifolia. 



Valerianella congesta Lindl. Stems 10-40 cm. high, erect, simple or with 

 a few branches; leaves oblong, entire, obtuse, the cauline sessile; flowers rose- 

 colored, in dense cymes; corolla 2-lipped, 6-8 mm. long, spurred; fruit glabrous 

 or puberulent, strongly keeled on the back. 



In open ground, British Columbia to California. The fruit is usually 

 broadly winged but in some forms the wings are narrow or even wanting. 



Valerianella anomala Gray. Stems erect, 20-50 cm. high; leaves oblong, 

 acutish, 2-5 cm. long; flowers white, in small terminal and axillary cymes; 

 corolla white, funnelform, obscurely 2-lipped, three lobes larger than the other 

 two; spur wanting; fruit strongly keeled, 3 mm. long, the wings usually broad. 



In moist open places, rare. 



