Glass 6. Mammalia. Order 5. TJngulata. 



507 



ancliylosed only in the Camels, elsewhere separate. The stomach is 

 constricted into several portions, and after the food has been there 

 for some time, it is regurgitated and masticated anew. There is 

 usually a number of cotyledons ; but in Camels, the placenta is diffuse 

 like that of the Pigs and the Perissodactyles. The mammae are 

 abdominal. 



In the majority of Ruminants (Cavicornia, Stags, GirafEes), the stomach is 

 divided into three sharply- defined portions. The first compartment follows 

 the oesophagus, and from the junction a deep groove runs along the anterior 

 side of the chamber, to 

 its opening into the 

 second region, the many- 

 plies (psalterium or 

 omasum) The first part, 

 which attains a consider- 

 able size, is furnished 

 with several ingrowths, 

 one of which is very- 

 large, and divides the 

 cavity into two incom.- 

 pletely separated sub- 

 sections, the large 

 paunch {rwmen), and 

 the smaller honey- 

 comb bag {reticulum) ; 

 the latter is furnished 

 internally with a pro- 

 jecting network of folds; 

 the former with viUi. 

 The manyplies is 

 furnished within with 

 numerous large longi- 

 tudinal laminae, which He 

 closely together and fill 

 up the greater part of 

 the cavity. The last 

 portion, the reed 

 (abomasum) is almost 

 tubular. The rumen, 

 reticulum, and manyplies 

 are Uned by a stratified 

 epithelium like that of 

 the oesophagus and the 

 buccal cavity, and are 

 non-glandtilar ; the abomasum is lined with a cylindrical epithelium, and is 

 furnished with glands. The food, which is not much masticated in the mouth, 

 forms a large bolus, passes through the oesophagus, dilating it as it goes, and 

 reaches the rumen, where it undergoes a kind of fermentation or maceration, 

 until it is again brought up in small quantities into the mouth, to be masticated 

 and mixed with saliva. Then it passes a second time, but in a viscid condition, 

 thi'ough the ossophagus, running, however, along the groove of the rumen, and so 

 reaches the psalterium, whose laminse absorb some of the fluid, and lastly it enters 

 the reed. Fluid substances apparently pass direct from .the oesophagus into the 







Fig. 407. Diagrammatic longitudinal section of the 

 stomach: A of a Camel, B of an ordinary 

 Ruminant, C of a Tragulus. d small intestine, 

 h abomasum ha reticulum (Tia' portion of the rumen of a 

 Camel, which may be falsely compared with the reticulum 

 of others), m, manyplies, o CBSophagus, r groove in the 

 rumen, v first chamber. — Orig. 



