Class 6. Mammalia. Order 12. Bodentia. 



531 



(c) Subungulata. Claws short, hoof -like, legs for the most part long, 

 usually digitigrade ; the number of toes on the hind foot varies ; forefoot, with 

 four well-developed digits, and with or without a rudimentary pollex ; tail small 

 or absent: all in South or Central America. The Pacas (Caelogenys paca) 

 with iive toes: the Agoutis (Basyprocta) : the Guinea-pig (Cavia 

 cobaya): the Capybara {Hyd/rochceriis capyha/ra); all with three toes; the 

 last-named is the largest of all living Rodents; in South American rivers. 



Order 13. PrOSimiSB (lemurs). 



As in tlie Apes, with which the Lemurs were formerly grouped^ 

 the first digit on both fore and hind limbs is separated from the 

 others, and is opposable. On the hind foot, usually only the second 

 toe has a claw, the other fingers and toes are provided with flat 

 nails. The fore limbs are shorter than the hind. Of teeth, there 

 are at most i ^, c -f , p ^, m |- ; often, however, the number is smaller. 

 The upper incisors are generally small, and there is usually a median 

 diastema ; the lower incisors and canines are all alike, narrow and 

 directed obliquely for- 

 wards ; the upper canines 

 are caniniform ; all the 

 premolars (or the anterior 

 ones alone) are compressed 

 and triangular (the first of 

 the lower jaw is canini- 

 form) ; the other molars 

 tubercular, or each with 

 two transverse ridges. 



Most of the Lemurs 

 are very hairy, many have 

 long tails. The skeleton 

 difiers in many respects 

 from that of Apes ; for 

 instance, the orbit is in- 

 complete behind, and as 

 in other Mammalia, remains 

 in widely open communi- 

 cation with the temporal 

 fossa (there is, however, as 

 in various other Mammals, 

 a closed ring of bone round 

 the orbit) j the rami of the 

 mandible are usually sepa- 

 rate; the facial region of 



the skull is larger in proportion to the cranial part than in 

 most Monkeys. The uterus has two long horns (uterus bicornis). 

 There is a pair of thoracic, sometimes also a pair of abdominal, 



M M 2 



Pig. 424. Left hind foot of a Maki, ventral 

 view. 1 first digit, 2 second ditto (with claw). — 

 Orig. 



